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This book, edited by the Intech committee, combines several hotly debated topics in science, engineering, medicine, information technology, environment, economics and management, and provides a scholarly contribution to its further development. In view of the topical importance of, and the great emphasis placed by the emerging needs of the changing world, it was decided to have this special book publication comprise thirty six chapters which focus on multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary topics. The inter-disciplinary works were limited in their capacity so a more coherent and constructive alternative was needed. Our expectation is that this book will help fill this gap because it has crossed the disciplinary divide to incorporate contributions from scientists and other specialists. The Intech committee hopes that its book chapters, journal articles, and other activities will help increase knowledge across disciplines and around the world. To that end the committee invites readers to contribute ideas on how best this objective could be accomplished.