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Using Greek, Arabic, Persian and Ottoman sources, 'Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century' presents a new interpretation of the Nicaean Empire and highlights the evidence for its wealth and power. It explains the importance of the relations between the Byzantines and the Seljuks and the Mongols, revealing how the Byzantines adapted to the new and complex situation that emerged in the second half of the thirteenth century.