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Dit kan niet waar zijn / druk 8 by Joris…
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Dit kan niet waar zijn / druk 8 (2015)

by Joris Luyendijk

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Joris Luyendijk, an investigative journalist, knew as much about banking as the average person: almost nothing. Bankers, he thought, were ruthless, competitive, bonus-obsessed sharks, irrelevant to his life. And then he was assigned to investigate the financial sector. Joris immersed himself in the City for a few years, speaking to over 200 people - from the competitive investment bankers and elite hedge-fund managers to downtrodden back-office staff, reviled HR managers and those made redundant in the regular 'culls'. Breaking the strictly imposed code of secrecy and silence, these insiders talked to Joris about what they actually do all day, how they see themselves and what makes them tick. They opened up about the toxic hiring and firing culture. They confessed to being overwhelmed by technological and mathematical opacity. They admitted that when Lehman Brothers went down in 2008 they hoarded food, put their money in gold and prepared to evacuate their children to the countryside. They agreed that nothing has changed since the crash. Joris had a chilling realisation. What if the bankers themselves aren't the real enemy? What if the truth about global finance is more sinister than that?… (more)
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Title:Dit kan niet waar zijn / druk 8
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Swimming with Sharks: My Journey Into the World of the Bankers by Joris Luyendijk (2015)

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De bankencrisis is dus nog altijd niet opgelost. De boel werd gewoon wat opgelapt, om het zo te verwoorden. Ok, wellicht werd er iets meer gedaan om verdere en toekomstige schade te voorkomen, maar wanneer je Luyendijks nieuwste boek leest, dan is er gewoonweg niet genoeg gedaan en niet op een efficiënte manier gewerkt. Macht, geld, symptoombestrijding, en ga zo maar verder, waardoor er nooit een structurele aanpak toegepast wordt of kan worden. Anders gezegd, het kan op termijn weer gebeuren. Geen kat die weet hoe het dan moet aangepakt worden.

In dit boek, gebaseerd op zijn blog (zie hier) die hij anno 2013 en 2014 bijhield op de website van de Britse krant The Guardian, geeft Joris Luyendijk zijn ervaringen en die van de degenen die hij interviewde weer en probeert zo een beeld te schetsen voor de buitenwereld die over bankieren en die financiële wereld niets of amper iets begrijpt.

Het is geen "happy happy, joy joy"-verhaal, verre van zelf. Je leest over werkomstandigheden die aan slavernij doen denken. Je komt te weten dat in dat wereldje imago, salaris, titels, ... heel wat betekenen als je het wilt maken en geaccepteerd worden. Wie je bent, wat je afkomst is, dat speelt allemaal geen rol. Wat je kunt, da's het enige wat telt, althans als je de geïnterviewden mag geloven. Verder lees je ook, hoe kan het anders, over exorbitante salarissen. Salarissen die een normale werkmens in gans zijn/haar leven nog niet bijeen krijgt of kan sparen. Als twintiger of dertiger (omgerekend) enkele miljoenen EUR op je rekening gestort krijgen, is een zeldzaamheid. Daar tegenover moet je je wel 500% aan je job wijden, de ene dag na de andere. Gedaan met afspraken met vrienden, familie, kennissen; die mag je toch in het gros van de gevallen afzeggen of vroegtijdig afbreken. Gezinsleven? Dat lijdt er zeer sterk onder.

Iedereen wou anoniem blijven uit vrees voor ontslag, want dat gaat daar, in de City in Londen, blijkbaar zeer snel. Een code of silence is van toepassing. Er waren ook gevallen waarbij men eronder door ging en een normale job ging zoeken. De financiële wereld aka The City is een wereld op zichzelf, los van de realiteit daarbuiten.

Ik had vaak de indruk dat degenen die al die financiële producten ontwerpen, op de markt (beurs) brengen, en zo het hele proces in gang zetten (weliswaar via de verschillende tussendiensten en offices), hun dagelijks werk zien als een soort spelletje, zoals een computerspel of een flipperkast. Hun reacties en antwoorden tonen aan dat ze in een eigen wereld vertoeven, verblind door de grote bedragen en eigen grote salarissen en wat ze zich daarmee kunnen kopen of veroorloven.

Luyendijk schrijft dat er tussen de 250 000 en 350 000 mensen in The City werken, van bankiers over handelaren, managers, directors, vermogensbeheerders, en zeer veel exotische titels die te maken hebben met "spelen met geld van ondernemers, pensioenfondsen, steden en gemeenten, enz...".

Ook de geschiedenis wordt aangekaart: Hoe is de crisis in 2008 tot stand gekomen? Wat was de aanleiding? Wie is verantwoordelijk? Waarom wordt er niets aan gedaan? Kon er toen niets gedaan worden? Heeft niemand iets gemerkt? En dan blijken macht en roem wel een rol te spelen, maar ook enorme onwetendheid, incompetentie. De grote directeuren worden inderdaad afgeschilderd als schuldigen, maar zij kunnen inderdaad niet alles weten - niet dat daarmee hun gedrag, bonussen, e.d. goedgekeurd mogen worden. Maar, toch voor zover ik me herinner, is er in de kranten en journaals nooit gesproken geweest over de mensen die de financiële producten (derivaten, hybriden, ...) gecreëerd hebben en zo via via hebben kunnen doorsluizen. Winst moet er zijn, g*dverd*mme, winst! Steeds maar meer en meer geld. En dat er met al dat virtueel geld en het systeem geknoeid kan worden, da's een feit.

Bepaalden hadden geen wroeging, want ze moesten een gezin onderhouden of het was legaal wat ze deden of ze waren geen beslissende schakel in het systeem, of wat dan ook. Een andere reden was: Ik kan misschien wel mijn manier van werken aanpassen, maar da's een druppel op een hete plaat als niemand anders volgt.

Ik kan zo nog even doorgaan, maar de ondertitel is zeker niet verkeerd gekozen: Dit kan niet waar zijn. Een financieel expert ben ik in de verste verte niet, maar wanneer ik dit lees, is m'n vertrouwen in de bank er zeker niet groter op geworden, ook als probeert men in België, hoop ik toch, de zaak (beter) onder controle te houden (dan voordien).

Ik kan niet anders besluiten dan dat iedereen, maar dan ook iedereen, dit boek moet lezen. Leek of geen leek. De mainstreampers, en zeker de politiek, gaat je niet vertellen wat je moet doen of hoe de vork aan de steel zit. Hiervoor heb je onderzoeksjournalistiek nodig en dat is er de laatste jaren te weinig. Dit betekent niet dat iedereen een bankrun moet doen, wel dat men kritischer moet worden i.v.m. bijvoorbeeld beleggingen (en welke invloed The City heeft op de wereldpolitiek!), maar ook dat het onderwijs moet volgen door lessen over de banken en de financiële wereld te geven. ( )
  TechThing | Jan 22, 2021 |
Dutch journalist Joris Luyendijk spent two years interviewing people working in London’s financial heart (the “City”). He wanted to find out how it all works, and if there have been any improvements since the 2008 crash.

One problem was that a lot of the people working in financial world were afraid of losing their jobs if they spoke to a journalist. But in the end he managed to speak to around 200 people in a variety of positions. His finding is that nothing has really changed since before the crash in 2008. The same problems that existed then (and caused the crash) still exist.

The major problems he identifies are:

Too big to fail: the banks make profits and its employees are rewarded with bonuses when risk-taking pays off. However, when the risks taken are too big, and the whole bank might collapse, the bank is rescued by the government (ultimately the tax payers). The bank is so important that a collapse endangers the whole economic system – i.e. it is too big to fail. This asymmetry rewards excessive risk-taking, because the banks, its shareholders and lenders don’t share in the downside of the risk. This is also called “other people’s money”, and to me it seems like the biggest issue contributing to the problems

Hard to get the whole picture: the major banks are so big, and sell such a variety of complex financial products, that it is hard to understand the full risk implications even if you want to. This is further complicated because of silo:ed departments that only specialize in one specific area. Also, many risk models may have underlying assumptions that may not hold in a crisis, for example an assumption that markets are liquid, or that housing prices will keep rising. So the risk models break down when they are most needed – in a crisis.

Zero job security: there are many stories of how people are fired without warning and having to leave immediately. This culture of zero job security means there is very little loyalty to your employer. This in turn encourages short term thinking and risk taking (to pull in enough profits so you are not fired).

Caveat emptor: with the continuous pressure to make money, the prevailing attitude seems to be what Luyendijk calls “amoral”, which simply means that whether an action is moral or not is not even considered. If a customer ends up losing money because they didn’t read or understand the fine print of the deal, then it is entirely their fault. The “buyer beware”-principle rules. If there is a legal way of taking advantage of somebody, it should be done.

Information leakage: some functions that were previously handled by different companies are now done by one big bank. For example, one part of the bank may be negotiating a merger between two companies. This information could affect the stock prices of several companies. Another part of the bank may be recommending customers whether to buy or sell those companies. To avoid information “leaking” between departments, there are supposed to be “Chinese walls” within the bank to stop this, but it is hard to be sure they work perfectly.

Most of the book is spent explaining how the banks work (including all the problems), based on the interviews. However, an equally interesting question is: what should be done to correct the problems the author discovers. Unfortunately, there are only about 10 pages at the end of the book on this topic.

First off, Luyendijk observes that none of what he uncovers is previously unknown. Instead, it is public knowledge. So he concludes that in order to do something about the problems he lists, people first must understand how the banks work, and why this is a problem. This book does a good job on that front.

Next, he observes that the people best suited to make changes, politicians, often have a problematic relationship with the financial industry. Many ex-politicians and regulators go on to work as highly paid advisors to the banks. Furthermore, there are well-funded lobbyists making sure the banks interests are protected.

Yet another problem is the global nature of finance. If one country enacts rules unfavourable to a bank, they may move some of their operations elsewhere.

All this makes change hard, and Luyendijk admits that he doesn’t have a solution for the problems he uncovers. But at least his book is an attempt to start the debate by highlighting many of the problems.

The writing is sometimes a little “choppy”, and several times I had to reread a sentence to understand what he was saying. But overall, I learnt a lot about how the banking industry works, and I think this is an important book that deserves to be widely read. ( )
  Henrik_Warne | Dec 13, 2020 |
Un periodista que quiere entender de qué fue en realidad el crash de 2008 se dedica a hacer entrevistas (anónimas en su mayor parte, porque en banca si hablas estás fuera) a doscientos trabajadores del sector financiero de la City londinense. Poco a poco, pincelada a pincelada, entrevista a entrevista, el autor va pintando el cuadro de las finanzas globales. El autor termina el libro con unas cuantas recomendaciones imposibles (que los bancos no hagan productos con riesgo excesivo, por ejemplo, como si fuera posible poner una cota a lo excesivo de un riesgo) y en general termina con sensaciones entre el aturdimiento, la ira y el pánico. Sin llegar a compartir esos sentimientos, sí estoy de acuerdo con el autor en más del 90% de los diagnósticos y las opiniones a las que va llegando, desde mi punto de vista de un insider de la industria. Muy recomendable. Instructivo y claro. ( )
  Remocpi | Apr 22, 2020 |
Joris Luyendijk delves into the financial world - by interviewing different people who work in the financial sector he tries to find out what caused the banking crisis of 2008 - and how future crises can be avoided.

Though I am generally not very much interested in economics and financial affairs, I did enjoy this book. I think Luyendijk has a point when he says that the financial world is something that concerns us all and that it is important for people to get some idea of what goes on. He does a good job of sketching the people who work in the area, their jobs, and some of the key problems the financial world faces.
However, I felt that it stayed too much on the surface, that it was too basic. This is in part due to my own background; I know very little about economics and finance, so I really have no background knowledge of the concepts and structures that are introduced. However, as Luyendijk writes for a lay audience, I think he could have explained some concepts. Especially when he discusses the risks that the financial world takes, it remains rather superficial and unclear for the lay reader: Luyendijk tells us some investments and structures are risky, but gives no clue as to why this is the case. I understand that he wants to keep it simple and easy to read without going into technical details, but for me this meant that I couldn't get a very clear picture of the risks at all.

Some of the issues in the banking world are discussed in more detail - the company atmosphere, the push to bring in as much cash as possible, the lack of real checks on banks, and the fact that many of the people in charge seem to have a limited grasp of what is going on. It does give you something to think about: should we be stricter and impose more constraints on banks? Is a culture change in the financial world necessary?

So, though I think it could have been a more extensive discussion of financial issues, the book does give some insights and alerts the general, lay reader to the risks inherent in our current financial system. Luyendijk offers no solutions, and it seems like very little is being done in the financial world to avoid further crises. We can only hope there will be no major meltdown soon, but perhaps more reports on the workings of the financial world will lead to more attention for the risks of future crises. ( )
  Britt84 | Apr 4, 2016 |
Over de schandalige financiële wereld. ( )
1 vote Beerbart | Jun 5, 2015 |
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Here come bad news talking this and that Well, give me all you got and don't hold itback Well, I should probably warn you I'll just be fine no offense to you don't waste your time (Pharrell Williams : Happy, 2013)
De enige samenzwering in de financiële wereld is het geluid van de stilte (Philip Augar : The greed Merchants, 2005)
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Voor wijlen Gerd Baumann, die me leerde dat nieuwsgierigheid genoeg is
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Je zit in een vliegtuig.
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Joris Luyendijk, an investigative journalist, knew as much about banking as the average person: almost nothing. Bankers, he thought, were ruthless, competitive, bonus-obsessed sharks, irrelevant to his life. And then he was assigned to investigate the financial sector. Joris immersed himself in the City for a few years, speaking to over 200 people - from the competitive investment bankers and elite hedge-fund managers to downtrodden back-office staff, reviled HR managers and those made redundant in the regular 'culls'. Breaking the strictly imposed code of secrecy and silence, these insiders talked to Joris about what they actually do all day, how they see themselves and what makes them tick. They opened up about the toxic hiring and firing culture. They confessed to being overwhelmed by technological and mathematical opacity. They admitted that when Lehman Brothers went down in 2008 they hoarded food, put their money in gold and prepared to evacuate their children to the countryside. They agreed that nothing has changed since the crash. Joris had a chilling realisation. What if the bankers themselves aren't the real enemy? What if the truth about global finance is more sinister than that?

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