Nearly 10 years before ''Star Wars,'' ''2001: A Space Odyssey'' caught the spirit of the nascent revolutions in computation and space exploration. The story of an alien intelligence ensconced in a black monolithic slab and appearing to take a peculiar interest in stimulating human evolution at critical junctures, Arthur C. Clarke's novella and the 1968 Stanley Kubrick film based on it were irresistibly beguiling. So was HAL, the personable supercomputer whose mutiny on a mission to Jupiter resulted in the demise of the crew members David Bowman and Frank Poole. Now, in ''3001: The Final Odyssey,'' Mr. Clarke brings Poole back the way a television series resurrects a character killed off prematurely.