An iteresting xenophobic diatribe. Huntington says that the United States is losing its anglo identity. He believes that the massive influx of immigrants, particularly Mexicans. Huntington makes some good points on the impact of that influx and how America has become a multicultural society beginning in the 1960's. Where he fails is convincing that immigrants are a danger to our society. He also fails to provide any historical context on previous immigration waves that Jeremiads said would destroy our society. ( )

Having announced that the Russians, the Muslims, and the Chinese were coming, now Huntington says that the Hispanics and multiculturalists are coming. American civilisation is under threat from immigrants whose values aren't those of traditional American Protestant bigotry. Drat.

Book Review

Title: Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identities

Author: Samuel P. Huntington

Over the course of the last few decades and in an accelerating fashion our national identity has been eroded by the problems of assimilating huge numbers of primarily Hispanic immigrants. Actually it is there non assimilation and their demand for bilingualism and multiculturalism that is different from previous mass immigration movements over the past centuries.

Other factors are also in play that the author attributes to a variety of “elites” that are leading to “denationalization” of the American society. The elites are identified as, governmental leaders, private institutions, international corporations, academics, dual citizens, and the effects of globalization. All of these entities have interests, financial and intellectual, that diminish their identification with the best interests of the homeland U.S.A.

The American public however overwhelmingly holds to the more original traditional ideas of patriotism. “The American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly devorced from the American people”.

Who Are We is indeed a scholarly work by a renowned political scientist who has written other widely acclaimed books concerning global politics. I don’t consider it a polemic but the author raises issues that must be addressed by a wider range of citizens in order to balance the current tendency to allow multi- culturalism and diversity to overpower the basic fundamentals and ideals upon which our country was founded.

One instance of how this is affecting the continental United States is the current recapture of the southwest by the Mexicans simply by sheer numbers In population and their density..

Huntington has written good books. This is not one of them. He laments the decline of WASP ("English") and Christian influence in the USA (although, the near-WASPs JFK and the Roosevelts excepted, all US presidents so far were WASPs and the USA is a religious anomaly among the developed nations). In his search for villains, he identifies secularists (subsumed as leftists), Muslims and especially (poor) Mexican immigrants.

The problem starts with his insufficient definition of the American idea. On the one hand, his definition fails to exclude a good number of European protestant nations (if one discounts the influence of the Queen's language). On the other hand, his insistence on Christianism sends many a founding father overboard (Franklin, Jefferson). Huntington's view of America is casuistic (including and excluding earlier immigrant and black diversity at will).

The book never addresses its main internal contradiction that while the Mexicanos reduce the influence of English in certain parts of America, they contribute to the upkeep of Christianism, even if only in the form of Catholicism. Huntington never realizes that he is faced with the main trade-off of secularism: More development usually means less religious attitudes. The US is a huge, puzzling exception, a fact he notes and lauds but can not explain.

Apart from him not having fully thought through his argument, the book suffers from methological problems. While he cites numerous opinion surveys to advance his positions (often veiling a soft form of racism), he never seems to realize the internal contradiction, eg in one part of the book he laments the average Americans's ignorance of US history, in another part he attacks the (leftist) professors' disdain for ignorant Americans' positions. He cannot be in both camps at the same time.

Huntington is horrified by two languages spoken in the US, eg forms should not be offered in different languages (Why? As a good scientist, he should be interested in correct data.). Instead of lamenting it, a good scientist would have studied examples where two or more languages exist. A large country to the north or various European nations could have supplied ample data for study. Instead, his fears and biases drive his argumentation and crash this book. ( )