Frederick Jackson Turner (1861–1932)

Born in Portage, Wisconsin, Frederick Jackson Turner graduated from the University of Wisconsin and in 1890 received his Ph.D. from The Johns Hopkins University. From 1889 to 1910, he taught at Wisconsin University, where he helped build an excellent graduate history program. In 1910 he accepted a chair at Harvard University, where he remained for the next 14 years. In 1927 he became a senior research associate at the Henry E. Huntington Library in San Marino, California. Turner wrote relatively little, but his 1893 paper on the link between the land and democracy---"The Significance of the Frontier in American History"---affected the course of American scholarship and marked him as one of the most influential and renowned scholars in the profession. The year after his death, his study in sectionalism, The Significance of Sections in American History, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in history. Turner once described U.S. history as "a series of social evolutions recurring in differing geographic basins across a raw continent." He claimed to derive his hypothesis from his early training in medieval history, where he learned about the relationships between people and their environment and saw "the interplay of economic, social and geographic factors in the politics, institutions, ideals and life of a nation and its relations with its neighbors." Turner's views have always been subject to intense scrutiny and criticism, not least among historians of the American West today. Yet the fact that his hypothesis continues to be tested is testimony to its penetrating influence. (Bowker Author Biography)

— biography from The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin

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