Book Events for jdoshna

13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin

1893 Chicago World's Fair

• The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic & Madness and the Fair that Changed America (Illinois) by Erik Larson

74th Annual Hunger Games

• The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins

African-American Civil Rights Movement

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

AIDS epidemic

• The Immortalists by Chloe Benjamin

Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham

American Civil War

• Lincoln in the Bardo: A Novel by George Saunders
• Little Women (Signet Classics) by Louisa May Alcott
• The Mysterious Island (Modern Library Classics (Mass Market)) by Jules Verne (1865)
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1865)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1865)

American Revolution

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1783)
• Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson (1783)

Anschluss

• The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany by William L. Shirer

Antebellum South

• The Water Dancer (Oprah's Book Club): A Novel by Ta-Nehisi Coates

Anti-Rent War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1839)

Ark of the Covenant

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 25:10-22)

Arthurian England

• A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (Bantam Classics) by Mark Twain

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

• Assassination Vacation by Sarah Vowell
• Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer (P.S.) by James L. Swanson

Assassination of James A. Garfield

• Assassination Vacation by Sarah Vowell

Assassination of William McKinley

• Assassination Vacation by Sarah Vowell

Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• Cat's Cradle (Penguin Modern Classics) by Kurt Vonnegut (1945)
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1945)

Attica Prison Riot

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1971)

Bacon's Rebellion

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1676)

Balaam’s Donkey

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Numbers 22:21-41)

Battle of Five Armies

• The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien

Battle of Manhattan

• The Last Olympian (Percy Jackson & the Olympians) by Rick Riordan

Battle of Tannenberg

• The Guns of August: The Pulitzer Prize-Winning Classic About the Outbreak of World War I by Barbara W. Tuchman (1914)

Battle of the Bulge

• Slaughterhouse-Five: A Novel (Modern Library 100 Best Novels) by Kurt Vonnegut (1945-01-25)

Battle of the Hornburg

• The Lord of the Rings (The Lord of the Rings, #1-3) by J.R.R. Tolkien

Battle of the Labyrinth

• The Battle of the Labyrinth (Percy Jackson and the Olympians, #4) by Rick Riordan

Battle of the Marne

• The Guns of August: The Pulitzer Prize-Winning Classic About the Outbreak of World War I by Barbara W. Tuchman (1914)

Birth of Moses

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 2)

Bombing of Dresden

• Slaughterhouse-Five: A Novel (Modern Library 100 Best Novels) by Kurt Vonnegut
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1945-02)

Bombing of Libya

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1986)

Bronze Snake

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Numbers 21:4-9)

Chicago World's Fair

• The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic & Madness and the Fair that Changed America (Illinois) by Erik Larson (1893)

Chilean Coup

• The House of the Spirits: A Novel by Isabel Allende (1973)
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1973)

Chinese Civil War

• States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China by Theda Skocpol (1950)

Chinese Revolution of 1911

• States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China by Theda Skocpol

Chinese Revolution of 1949

• States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China by Theda Skocpol

Christmas

• A Christmas Carol, The Chimes & The Cricket on the Hearth (Barnes & Noble Classics) by Charles Dickens

Cold War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

Coronation of Aragorn

• The Lord of the Rings (The Lord of the Rings, #1-3) by J.R.R. Tolkien

The Council of Elrond

• The Lord of the Rings (The Lord of the Rings, #1-3) by J.R.R. Tolkien

Council of Trent

• Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love by Dava Sobel

Creation

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 1-2)

Day of Atonement

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Leviticus 16)

Death of Moses

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Deuteronomy 34)

Death of Willie Lincoln

• Lincoln in the Bardo: A Novel by George Saunders (1862)

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1775-07-06)

Destruction of Earth

• The Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams

Destruction of Isengard

• The Lord of the Rings (The Lord of the Rings, #1-3) by J.R.R. Tolkien

Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 19)

Destruction of the One Ring

• The Lord of the Rings (The Lord of the Rings, #1-3) by J.R.R. Tolkien

The Disappearance of the Dolphins

• The Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams

Disaster: Shipwreck

• In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex by Nathaniel Philbrick

Dorr Rebellion

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1842)

Dust Bowl

• The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

El Mozote Massacre

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1981)

Emancipation Proclamation

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1863-01-01)

Embargo Act

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1807)

End of the Universe

• The Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams

Fall of Man

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 3)

Fate of the Labryinth

• The Battle of the Labyrinth (Percy Jackson and the Olympians, #4) by Rick Riordan

Feast of Tabernacles

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Leviticus 23:33-43)

Feminist Movement

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

First Barbary War

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1801–1805)

First manned mission to Mars

• Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. Heinlein

The Flood

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 6-9)

Flour Riot of 1837

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

French Revolution

• States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China by Theda Skocpol (1789)
• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1789-1799)

George Washington's First Inauguration

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1789-04-30)

Gettysburg Address

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1863-11)

global warming

• Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution - and How It Can Renew America, Release 2.0 by Thomas L. Friedman

Golden Calf

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 32)

Great Depression

• The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn
• To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

Great Mississippi Flood of 1927

• Southern Cross the Dog by Bill Cheng

Great Moderation

• The Age of Turbulence by Alan Greenspan

Greek Civil War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1949)

Gulf War, 1990-1991

• Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power by Rachel Maddow

Haitian Revolution

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1791–1804)

Haymarket Massacre

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1886-05-04)

Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany

• In the Garden of Beasts: Love, Terror, and an American Family in Hitler's Berlin by Eric Larson (1930-01-30)

Holocaust

• Maus II: A Survivor's Tale - And Here My Troubles Began: 002 by Art Spiegelman
• Night (The Night Trilogy #1) by François Mauriac
• The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (1945)
• The Diary of a Young Girl by B. M. Mooyaart-Doubleday (1945)
• The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany by William L. Shirer (1945)

Impeachment and Trial of President Bill Clinton

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

Indonesian Invasion of East Timor

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1975)

Invasion of Grenada

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1983)

Invention of the radio

• Thunderstruck by Erik Larson

Iran-Contra Affair

• Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power by Rachel Maddow
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1986)

Israel crossing the Red Sea

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 13:17-14:31)

Israel's exodus from Egypt

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 12:31-42)

Jacob wrestles with God

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 32)

Japanese-American Internment

• Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson (1945)

Jay Treaty

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1794)

Jazz Age

• The Great Gatsby by Francis Scott Fitzgerald

John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1859)

Joseph in charge of Egypt

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 41)

Joseph Sold to Egypt

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 37)

Joseph's brothers go to Egypt

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 42-47)

Joseph's dreams

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 37)

Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1854)

Kefauver Senate Hearings

• The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (1951)

Kindertransport

• The Last Train to London: A Novel by Meg Waite Clayton

King Philip's War

• Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Other Stories (Penguin Classics) by Washington Irving

Klondike Gold Rush

• The Call of the Wild & White Fang by Jack London (1899)

Korean War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1953)

Lebanese Civil War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1990)

Lewis and Clark Expedition

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham

liberation of Buchenwald

• Night (The Night Trilogy #1) by François Mauriac

Lincoln's First Inaugural Address

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1861)

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1865)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1858)

Louisiana Purchase

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham

Making of the film A Trip to the Moon

• The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick (1902)

Manna from Heaven

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 16)

Martian invasion of Earth

• The War of the Worlds (Modern Library Classics) by H. G. Wells

Mayaguez incident

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1975)

Mexican-American War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1848)

Million Man March

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1995)

Moses and the burning bush

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 3)

Munich Agreement

• The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany by William L. Shirer

My Lai Massacre

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1968)

Nat Turner's slave rebellion

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1831)

The Neutrality Proclamation

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1793)

Night of the Long Knives

• In the Garden of Beasts: Love, Terror, and an American Family in Hitler's Berlin by Eric Larson (1934-07-02)

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham

Notes on the State of Virginia

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1785)

Oklahoma City Bombing

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1995)

Operation Gothic Serpent

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1993)

Ordinance of 1784

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham

Oregon Trail

• The Oregon Trail: A New American Journey by Rinker Buck

Pan-American Exposition

• Assassination Vacation by Sarah Vowell

Papal Election

• Angels & Demons (Robert Langdon) by Dan Brown

Passover

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 12:1-30)

Pax Romana

• How the Irish Saved Civilization: The Untold Story of Ireland's Heroic Role From the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Medieval Europe (The Hinges of History) by Thomas Cahill

Peninsula Campaign

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1862)

Persian Gulf War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1991)

Philippine-American War

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1902)

Pinochet regime

• The House of the Spirits: A Novel by Isabel Allende

Plagues in Egypt

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 7-12)

Prague Spring

• The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera (1968)

Presidency of Abraham Lincoln

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1865)

Quest of Erebor

• The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien

The Rainbow

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 9:8-17)

Ratification of the Declaration of Independence

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1776-07-04)

The Reappearance of Earth

• The Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams

Rebirth of Kronos

• The Battle of the Labyrinth (Percy Jackson and the Olympians, #4) by Rick Riordan

Reconstruction Era of the United States

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin

Republican National Convention

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1860)

Resignation of Richard M. Nixon

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

Rise of Nazi power

• The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany by William L. Shirer

Rise of the Third Reich

• The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany by William L. Shirer

Roe v. Wade

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1973)

Roman Invasion of Britain

• How the Irish Saved Civilization: The Untold Story of Ireland's Heroic Role From the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Medieval Europe (The Hinges of History) by Thomas Cahill

Russian Civil War

• States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China by Theda Skocpol (1921)

Russian Revolution

• A Gentleman in Moscow: A Novel by Amor Towles
• States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China by Theda Skocpol (1917)

Rwandan Genocide

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1994)

Sack of Rome

• How the Irish Saved Civilization: The Untold Story of Ireland's Heroic Role From the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Medieval Europe (The Hinges of History) by Thomas Cahill

Sacrifice of Isaac

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 22)

San Fermin & Running of the Bulls

• The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway

San Francisco Earthquake and Fire

• A Crack in the Edge of the World: America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906 by Simon Winchester

Second Continental Congress

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1781)

Second Governor of Virginia

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1781)

Second Titan War

• The Battle of the Labyrinth (Percy Jackson and the Olympians, #4) by Rick Riordan
• The Last Olympian (Percy Jackson & the Olympians) by Rick Riordan

Seminole Wars

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1858)

Shay's Rebellion

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1786)

Shays' Rebellion

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1787)

Shiva for Larry’s father

• kaddish.com: A novel by Nathan Englander

Siege of Masada

• The Dovekeepers: A Novel by Alice Hoffman

Solar eclipse

• A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (Bantam Classics) by Mark Twain

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

• The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera (1968)

Spanish Civil War

• For Whom the Bell Tolls by Mustafa Bahar
• The Shadow of the Wind (The Cemetery of Forgotten Books, #1) by Lucia Graves

Spanish-American War

• Assassination Vacation by Sarah Vowell
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1898)

Stonewall Riots

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1969)

Storming of the Bastille

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1789-07-14)

Tabernacle

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 26)

Ten Commandments

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Exodus 20:3-17)

Three Mile Island Accident

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1979)

Tower of Babel

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Genesis 11)

Treaty of Paris

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1783)

Underground Railroad

• The Water Dancer (Oprah's Book Club): A Novel by Ta-Nehisi Coates

United States invasion of Panama

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

United States presidential election

• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin (1860, 1864)

Valdivia earthquake

• The House of the Spirits: A Novel by Isabel Allende (1960-05-22)

Vietnam War

• Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power by Rachel Maddow
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

Waco Branch Davidian Siege

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1993)

War in Afghanistan

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

War of the Ring

• The Lord of the Rings (The Lord of the Rings, #1-3) by J.R.R. Tolkien

War on Terrorism

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

Watergate Scandal

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

Whiskey Rebellion

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1791-1794)

World War I

• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel by M. L. Stedman
• The Guns of August: The Pulitzer Prize-Winning Classic About the Outbreak of World War I by Barbara W. Tuchman (1918)
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1918)
• The Great Gatsby by Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1914 ∙ 1918)

World War II

• Churchill and Orwell: The Fight for Freedom by Thomas E. Ricks
• A Gentleman in Moscow: A Novel by Amor Towles
• The Last Train to London: A Novel by Meg Waite Clayton
• Night (The Night Trilogy #1) by François Mauriac
• 1984 by Erich Fromm (1945)
• The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (1945)
• Catch-22 by Joseph Heller (1945)
• The Diary of a Young Girl by B. M. Mooyaart-Doubleday (1945)
• Maus II: A Survivor's Tale - And Here My Troubles Began: 002 by Art Spiegelman (1945)
• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1945)
• The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany by William L. Shirer (1945)
• Slaughterhouse-Five: A Novel (Modern Library 100 Best Novels) by Kurt Vonnegut (1945)
• Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson (1945)
• The Naked and the Dead: 50th Anniversary Edition by Norman Mailer (1939-1945)

World War II, German Occupation of the Netherlands

• The Diary of a Young Girl by B. M. Mooyaart-Doubleday

World War II, Italian Campaign

• Beneath a Scarlet Sky: A Novel by Mark Sullivan (1943-1945)

World War II, Pacific Theater

• Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson (1945-09-02)

World War III

• 1984 by Erich Fromm
• The Martian Chronicles the Grand Master Editions by Michael Whelan

World's Columbian Exposition

• The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic & Madness and the Fair that Changed America (Illinois) by Erik Larson (Chicago, Illinois, USA)

Wounded Knee Massacre

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn (1890-12-29)

WTO Protests of 1999

• A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

Xenocide of the Formics

• Ender's Game (The Ender Quintet) by Orson Scott Card (Buggers)

XYZ Affair

• Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power by Jon Meacham (1797)

Year of Jubilee

• The Five Books of Moses: The Schocken Bible, Volume I (The Schocken Bible, Vol 1) by Dr. Everett Fox (Leviticus 25)