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In the past twenty years, new experimental approaches, improved models and progress in simulation techniques brought new insights into long-standing issues concerning dislocation-based plasticity in crystalline materials. During this period, three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulationsappeared and reached maturity. Their objectives are to unravel the relation between individual and collective dislocation processes at the mesoscale, to establish connections with atom-scale studies of dislocation core properties and to bridge, in combination with modelling, the gap between defectproperties and phenomenological continuum models for plastic flow.Dislocation dynamics simulations are becoming accessible to a wide range of users. This book presents to students and researchers in materials science and mechanical engineering a comprehensive coverage of the physical body of knowledge on which they are based. It includes classical studies, whichare too often ignored, recent experimental and theoretical advances, as well as a discussion of selected applications on various topics.