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This volume traces the manner in which, through perceptions of and interaction with both China and the states of the West, Japan's self-perception as an Asian nation, as a member of the international community, and as a product of its own history and current situation and goals, evolved during the period between mid-19th century and the end of World War II. Contents: Rival States on a Loose Rein The Neglected Tradition of Appeasement in Late Tokugawa Japan, Building the National Communications System Adopting and Adapting Western Organizational Models in Meji Japan, Meji Japan and the Educational and Language Reforms in Late Ch'ing China, Shimazaki Toson's Before the Dawn Historical Fiction as History and as Literature, Forecasting a Pacific War, 1912-1933 The Idea of Conditional Japanese Victory, Japanese Policies and Concepts for a Regional Order in Asia, 1938-1940, Prophet Without Honor Kiyosawa Kiyoshi's View of Japanese-American Relations, Friend or Foe The Ambivalent Images of the U.S. and China in Wartime Japan, A Matter of Transcendence War Experiences and the Transformation of Japanese and American Fighter Pilots, Epilogue National Identity, National Past, National Isms.