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The book presents the essential information necessary for understanding how Christianity developed from being a Jewish sect to becoming an independent religion. While religious differences played an important role in the separation of Jews and Christians in the first and second centuries of the Common Era, there were also political, social and economic factors at work that contributed to the parting of the ways of these two  groups. An effort was made to keep technical jargon to a minimum in this work. Thus we have here a book that is easily understood and yet scientifically sound. Footnotes should help steer the interested reader toward more specialized treatments of this or that sub-theme. In the end it is hoped that the book will be a stepping stone toward a more respectful and creative partnership between Christians and Jews in the neverending task of tikkun olam, the healing of our ailing world.