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This present Policy Note takes stock of the nature of the financial, institutional and technical support and preferential trade-related treatments that have been provided to LDCs. It does not aim to be comprehensive in its analysis but is mainly designed to contribute to the debate leading up to the forthcoming Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2011, and to provide an assessment of how effective existing international support measures have been. It identifies ways in which those measures can be strengthened and suggests additional interventions that need to be considered in order to facilitate development in LDCs.--Summary.