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This volume centres on the historic relationship between Spain and the Jews in key moments of the 20th century and shows that it is impossible to understand and articulate what Spain was, is, and will be without taking into account both 'Muslim Spain' and 'Jewish Spain'. Its main argument revolves around the uses of the remote past in texts that depict the memory of complicated circumstances of Jewish life in Spain and in Northern Morocco during the Spanish Civil War, the Francoist repression in the postwar years, and World War II.