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The Middle East: A Political History from 395 to the Present

by Jean-Pierre Filiu

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The Middle East, often referred to as the cradle of the three monotheisms, is saturated with symbolism. Situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, it is a land marked by the rich confluence of religions and peoples.  It has also been the focal point of endemic tensions and conflicts, many of which stretch back into the mists of time.  In this new history of the Middle East, Jean-Pierre Filiu looks beyond religion and focuses his attention on the processes by which powers and their areas of domination were established over time.  His starting point is 395, the year when the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves: at that point, the Middle East emerged as a specific entity, freed from external domination, and a Christianity of the East asserted itself, turned towards Byzantium rather than towards Rome.  From this point on, Filiu follows a strictly Middle Eastern dynamic, tracing the rise and fall of powers linked to the three principal centres of Egypt, Syria, and Iraq and recounting the procession of empires, invasions, and assertions of imperialist ambition that have characterized the region since then.  The book closes in 2022, when the men and women of the Middle East were still struggling for the right to define their destiny by telling their stories in their own voices. This magisterial and up-to-date history of the Middle East will be essential reading for students and scholars and for anyone interested in the history and politics of one of the most important and contested regions of the modern world.… (more)
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This is a very different kind of history of the so-called Middle East, but for some people, such as myself, it can be a very helpful book, despite disagreements about statements, approach, and analysis. When it comes to a region with so many events, people groups, and centuries, of course any recap should be helpful in giving perspective, but I found this book particularly so in that (1) it seems more accurate and less biased than the many others I've read on the topic and (2) it has helpful structural features -- chronological order, headings and subheadings, overviews ending each chapter, and further reading suggestions at the end of each chapter (rather than a Bibliography at the book end). For people with a background on the topic this will be a quick, helpful read; for those with little background, it may be a bit difficult, because there are very few footnotes, and I don't think any endnotes, although there is an index.

As for the substance, what the cover calls "a political history" is inside the book called "a secular history," and that's the big diff with other books -- yeah, Islam with its caliphates, Zionism, Christians, etc, are mentioned (by the way, I object to the misrepresentation of Christian Zionists), but the analysis and portrayal tries to keep things secular -- for me I just ignore that gimmick, and appreciate the book for the facts. I also object to other opinions stated as facts without support (rare use of citations), but no biggie for the informed reader. Using something from 21st century to explain what I mean: author in mentioning Iran's green movement (2009 or so), says without citation that Obama kept a low profile, breaking away from what he calls neocon regime change policies of Bush, BUT, reader needs to be careful to note, that is an opinion, there are other ways of looking at the exact same set of facts and finding the exact opposite -- for ex, if one considers that Obama had supply-dependent military right next door in landlocked Afghanistan at that very hot war time (where arguably regime change or at least neocon nation building was still a continuing matter), Obama's failure to act in that Iran opportunity could possibly be explained in other ways. That's all I'm saying, the book is great for facts, but opinions are stated as facts without cites, that's all. The author said America's folly in Iraq was "aggravated by the messianic fever of the Christian Zionists, determined to defeat the Muslim Antichrist" -- super far out comment there; I know of some people (not Christian Zionists themselves) in pushing such nonsense of a Muslim Antichrist, but that's a totally fringe thing to say about Christian Zionists, particularly in the context of the Iraq War. Bottom line, the book is great for discerning readers with some background. ( )
  ptimes | Feb 1, 2024 |
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The Middle East, often referred to as the cradle of the three monotheisms, is saturated with symbolism. Situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, it is a land marked by the rich confluence of religions and peoples.  It has also been the focal point of endemic tensions and conflicts, many of which stretch back into the mists of time.  In this new history of the Middle East, Jean-Pierre Filiu looks beyond religion and focuses his attention on the processes by which powers and their areas of domination were established over time.  His starting point is 395, the year when the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves: at that point, the Middle East emerged as a specific entity, freed from external domination, and a Christianity of the East asserted itself, turned towards Byzantium rather than towards Rome.  From this point on, Filiu follows a strictly Middle Eastern dynamic, tracing the rise and fall of powers linked to the three principal centres of Egypt, Syria, and Iraq and recounting the procession of empires, invasions, and assertions of imperialist ambition that have characterized the region since then.  The book closes in 2022, when the men and women of the Middle East were still struggling for the right to define their destiny by telling their stories in their own voices. This magisterial and up-to-date history of the Middle East will be essential reading for students and scholars and for anyone interested in the history and politics of one of the most important and contested regions of the modern world.

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