Canonical name: Wellisch, Hans H.
Other names: Velish, Hanan
Birthdate: 1920-04-25
Date of death: 2004-02-06
Gender: male
Education: University of Maryland (MLS, PhD)
Occupations: professor emeritus (Library and Information Services)
Organizations: University of Maryland
American Society of Indexers (President)
Short biography: Born in Vienna in 1920, the son of a newspaperman, he attained a certificate of matriculation at the Gymnasium (high school), which would have allowed him to enter the university of Vienna. However, being Jewish, he was arrested on the street at the age of 18 after the German Kristallnacht of November 1938, and sent instead to what he called ‘‘the infamous college of Dachau.’’ As Wellisch wrote, I was there only for a relatively short time, about two and a half months, because I happened to have already a visa to Sweden. I was supposed to emigrate there to be trained in agriculture. That helped somewhat to free me from the camp". Thus Wellisch spent the years of the second world war in Sweden, first working on a farm, then briefly in the library of the Swedish Cooperative Federation. In 1949, involved in the Zionist movement, he emigrated to the new state of Israel and became the librarian of the Signal Corps of the Israel Defense Forces; then in 1956 the Head of the Information Center of TAHAL, a civil engineering company specializing in water resources development. He was a founding member and secretary of the Israel Society of Special Libraries and Information Centers. In 1967 the United Nations sponsored him for a study tour through the United States to study computerized information systems for libraries. He was invitated to the University of Maryland’s College of Library and Information Services as a visiting lecturer. He received a Ph.D. there in 1975, was promoted to Professor in 1981, and on his retirement in 1987 was honoured as Professor emeritus.
Nationality: Austria (birth)
Birthplace: Vienna, Austria
Place of death: Rockville, Maryland, USA
Associated Place (for map): Austria

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Guidelines for Alphabetical Arrangement of Letters and Sorting of Numerals and Other Symbols by Hans H. Wellisch

PDFW9 | The National Information Standards Organization is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop and maintain technical standards for libraries, information services, and publishers. NISO technical reports address a variety of topics that are related to NISO’s standardization interests. Conclusions or recommendations do not represent a consensus of the NISO membership and the material presented is not normative in nature | This technical report provides show more rules for the alphabetical arrangement of headings in lists of all kinds, such as bibliographies, indexes, dictionaries, directories, inventories, etc. It also covers the sorting of Arabic or Roman numbers and other symbols. It consists of seven rules that cover problems that may arise in the alphanumeric arrangement of headings. The technical report is based on the traditional order of letters in the English alphabet and that of numerals in ascending arithmetical order. It does not address issues concerning the meaning or type of headings. The rules can generally be applied by human beings as well as by computers. Each rule is followed by illustrative examples.| Virtually all major industrialized countries have developed national standards for alphabetical arrangement. No international standard exists on this topic because alphabetization is language-specific, and no two languages written in the Roman script have the same alphabet and orthographic rules. However, the rules presented here are intended to serve wherever the English language is used in written form. The arrangement (or “filing”) rules currently used in American library catalogs, indexes, inventories, dictionaries, directories, and other alphabetically arranged lists are, to a certain extent, incompatible with each other; this incompatibility often results in different arrangements of similar headings. Also, all current filing rules contain exceptions from basic rules, and they prescribe classified arrangements for certain types of headings according to their meaning or type. These exceptions and classified arrangements are a major source of confusion for the general public; they are often the cause of users’ failure to find items in catalogs, indexes, and even in telephone directories. Virtually all alphanumeric headings today are arranged by computers, not by human beings. However, before headings that are to be arranged by an exception to a rule can be sorted automatically, intervention by human beings who can use criteria other than the sequence of letters or numerals is needed. Given the potential for confusion in working with different sets of rules, this technical report seeks to make the alphanumeric arrangement of headings “as easy as ABC.” It attempts to do this by means of the following principles:

1. The number of rules is kept to an absolute minimum.

2. There are only two minor exceptions which are necessary because of headings containing numbers.

3. All rules apply to headings exactly as they appear in written, printed, or otherwise visually displayed form. The arrangement of a heading among other headings is based solely on the sequence of letters in the English alphabet and the arithmetical order of numbers. Therefore, the rules can generally be executed both by human beings and by computers without any additional instructions..|

A Technical Report Sponsored by the National Information Standards Organization | NISO Technical Report 03 TR03-1999 |

Contents

Foreword v

1. Scope 1

2. Definitions 1

3. Order of Characters 2
3.1 Spaces........ 2
3.2 Punctuation Marks Treated as Spaces ...... 3
3.3 Punctuation Marks Ignored ......... 3
3.4 Symbols Other Than Numerals, Letters and Punctuation Marks ........... 3
3.5 Numerals (0 through 9) ......... 3
3.6 Letters (A through Z) .......... 3
3.6.1 Modified Letters ........ 4
3.7 Superscript and Subscript Characters .......... 4

4. Headings 5
4.1 Arrangement of Headings ........ 5
4.1.1 Single-Word Headings ...... 5
4.1.2 Multi-Word Headings ........ 5
4.1.2.1 Word-by-Word ......... 5
4.1.2.2 Letter-by-Letter ............... 5
4.2 Headings with Qualifiers ......... 6
4.3 Headings with Identical Initial Words ........... 6
4.4 Headings with Cross-References ........... 7
4.5 Subheadings.................... 7
4.6 Headings Beginning with Articles .................. 7

5. Abbreviations 8

6. Numbers 8
6.1 Headings Containing Numbers .... 8
6.2 Punctuation in Numbers ............... 9
6.3 Decimal Fractions .............. 9
6.4 Roman Numbers ............ 9

7. Arrangement of Symbols Other than Numerals and Letters 10
7.1 Arrangement in Standardized or Traditional Sequence .......... 10
7.2 Arrangement in Order of Appearance ............ 10
7.3 Arrangement by Verbal Equivalent ............. 10
7.3.1 Ampersand (&) .......... 11

Bibliography 11

Appendix A Comprehensive Example 13

Appendix B Special Characters 15

Index 17

Figures
Figure 1. Basic Sequence of Characters ........... 3
Figure 2. Comparison of Methods for Arranging Headings ........ 6
Figure 3. Example of Alphabetized Abbreviations ........... 8
Figure 4. Two Arrangements of Symbols and Headings ...... 11

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RT - Finding
BT - Organization
NT - Standard
UF - The document is a technical report of rules for the alphanumeric arrangement of headings consisting of letters, numerals, other symbols, or any combination of such characters in ordered lists such as bibliographies, catalogs, indexes, directories, dictionaries, inventories.
SN - This PDF was downloaded from the internet server/database where the journal is stored. (This entry does not reference a hierarchical list) show less

Dec 23, 2024

ElenaGwynne 214 reviews

Indexing from A to Z by Hans H. Wellisch