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"The Keys of Middle-earth is aimed at admirers of J. R. R. Tolkien's fiction, or the filmed version of Peter Jackson. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the medieval languages and texts that inspired Tolkien's Middle-earth aimed at those new to the area. Using key episodes in The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, and The Lord of the Rings, medieval texts are presented in their original language with translations, plus supporting essays on Tolkien the medievalist, the medieval languages, and key themes - such as the epic, runes, and Tolkien's poetry. This new edition includes essays on Gothic, Celtic, and Finnish literature; extracts from the Kalevala; further Old English texts; and has been updated to reflect recent scholarship and recent publications (e.g. Tolkien's translation of Beowulf). An essential book for all Tolkien readers who wish to delve deeper into the background to his mythology"--