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The present volume undertakes a systematic study of the ancient texts testifying to St Peterâ??þs time in Rome. It evaluates inter alia texts by Early Christian Church teachers (Justin Martyr, Dionys of Corinth, Irenaeus of Lyons), the letters by Ignatius of Antioch - classified as unauthentic - and the legends surrounding the Apostle recounting Peterâ??þs encounter with Simon Magus and Neroâ??þs persecution of the Christians. The analysis includes a detailed examination of the dating of the First Epistle of Clement and the late New Testament writings. The analyses are complemented by a critical editio.