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In its Fourth Edition, this encyclopedic text of operative surgery complements standard textbooks by concentrating on the decision-making process and operative technique. This new edition includes thoracoscopic procedures and increased coverage of laparoscopic procedures. Over 250 authorities walk the reader through the procedures and offer recommendations to relevant literature. "Pearls" are scattered throughout the text and editorial comments are added at the end of each chapter to provide additional insight for the resident. No comparable text on the market offers this combination of comprehensive coverage and authoritative commentary.