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Schematron is a rule-based XML schema language, offering flexibility and power that W3C XML schema, RELAX NG, and DTDs simply can't match. You need Schematron and can't settle for other languages if you have to check rules that go beyond checking the document structures (i.e., checking that an element bar is included in element foo) and their datatypes. Schematron is the right tool for checking conditions such as ""startDate is earlier than or equal to endDate."" Schematron is also the right tool to use if you have to raise user-friendly error messages rather than depend on error messages t