The Ascent of Birds: How Modern Science Is Revealing Their Story
by John Reilly
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When and where did the ancestors of modern birds evolve? What enabled them to survive the meteoric impact that wiped out the dinosaurs? How did these early birds spread across the globe and give rise to the 10,600-plus species we recognise today ― from the largest ratites to the smallest hummingbirds? Based on the latest scientific discoveries and enriched by personal observations, The Ascent of Birds sets out to answer these fundamental questions. The Ascent of Birds is divided into show more self-contained chapters, or stories, that collectively encompass the evolution of modern birds from their origins in Gondwana, over 100 million years ago, to the present day. The stories are arranged in chronological order, from tinamous to tanagers, and describe the many dispersal and speciation events that underpin the world's 10,600-plus species. Although each chapter is spearheaded by a named bird and focuses on a specific evolutionary mechanism, the narrative will often explore the relevance of such events and processes to evolution in general. The book starts with The Tinamou's Story, which explains the presence of flightless birds in South America, Africa, and Australasia, and dispels the cherished role of continental drift as an explanation for their biogeography. It also introduces the concept of neoteny, an evolutionary trick that enabled dinosaurs to become birds and humans to conquer the planet. The Vegavis's Story explores the evidence for a Cretaceous origin of modern birds and why they were able to survive the asteroid collision that saw the demise not only of dinosaurs but of up to three-quarters of all species. The Duck's Story switches to sex: why have so few species retained the ancestral copulatory organ? Or, put another way, why do most birds exhibit the paradoxical phenomenon of penis loss, despite all species requiring internal fertilisation? The Hoatzin's Story reveals unexpected oceanic rafting from Africa to South America: a stranger-than-fiction means of dispersal that is now thought to account for the presence of other South American vertebrates, including geckos and monkeys. The latest theories underpinning speciation are also explored. The Manakin's Story, for example, reveals how South America's extraordinarily rich avifauna has been shaped by past geological, oceanographic and climatic changes, while The Storm-Petrel's Story examines how species can evolve from an ancestral population despite inhabiting the same geographical area. The thorny issue of what constitutes a species is discussed in The Albatross's Story, while The Penguin's Story explores the effects of environment on phenotype ― in the case of the Emperor penguin, the harshest on the planet. Recent genomic advances have given scientists novel approaches to explore the distant past and have revealed many unexpected journeys, including the unique overland dispersal of an early suboscine from Asia to South America (The Sapayoa's Story) and the blackbird's ancestral sweepstake dispersals across the Atlantic (The Thrush's Story). Additional vignettes update more familiar concepts that encourage speciation: sexual selection (The Bird-of-Paradise's Story); extended phenotypes (The Bowerbird's Story); hybridisation (The Sparrow's Story); and 'great speciators' (The White-eye's Story). Finally, the book explores the raft of recent publications that help explain the evolution of cognitive skills (The Crow's Story); plumage colouration (The Starling's Story); and birdsong (The Finch's Story) show lessTags
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If, like me, you are interested in both evolution and birds, then you will love this book. The author has put in an enormous amount of work in bringing together for us the results of the research on the family history of birds carried out by a large number of ornithologists.
The book is not about how birds evolved from dinosaurs. (If you want to know about that, I would recommend “Flying Dinosaurs” by John Pickrell.) Rather, this book deals with how birds have spread and diversified around the world over the millions of years since they first appeared.
The book is very up-to-date. Reilly shows that genetic research is adding to our knowledge of the family tree of birds all the time. For example, it is now known that hawks and falcons show more are not closely related, but that swifts and hummingbirds are.
For me, the most interesting parts of the book are those where Reilly uses examples from the evolution of birds to illustrate evolutionary concepts. For example we read about the importance of natural selection, sexual selection, speciation through geographical isolation, sympatric speciation, hybridisation, co-evolution, convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, and much, much more.
Finally, just two words of warning. Firstly, although the book is mainly written in such a way that interested non-specialists can understand it, there are a few parts which are quite difficult – such as the section on “quantum compasses”!
Secondly, I found that at times there was perhaps more information than I wanted on the details of where and when particular bird groups evolved. The book is VERY detailed. But that is not really a criticism, because no doubt many readers will be glad to get such detailed information. show less
The book is not about how birds evolved from dinosaurs. (If you want to know about that, I would recommend “Flying Dinosaurs” by John Pickrell.) Rather, this book deals with how birds have spread and diversified around the world over the millions of years since they first appeared.
The book is very up-to-date. Reilly shows that genetic research is adding to our knowledge of the family tree of birds all the time. For example, it is now known that hawks and falcons show more are not closely related, but that swifts and hummingbirds are.
For me, the most interesting parts of the book are those where Reilly uses examples from the evolution of birds to illustrate evolutionary concepts. For example we read about the importance of natural selection, sexual selection, speciation through geographical isolation, sympatric speciation, hybridisation, co-evolution, convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, and much, much more.
Finally, just two words of warning. Firstly, although the book is mainly written in such a way that interested non-specialists can understand it, there are a few parts which are quite difficult – such as the section on “quantum compasses”!
Secondly, I found that at times there was perhaps more information than I wanted on the details of where and when particular bird groups evolved. The book is VERY detailed. But that is not really a criticism, because no doubt many readers will be glad to get such detailed information. show less
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