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An in-depth analysis of the small-scale mining sector in West Africa, this volume examines its link with poverty, economic contribution and the dynamics of its operations and dependent communities. In recent decades, Africa' poverty-driven artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector has attracted significant donor aid. To date, millions of dollars have been pledged toward the design, redesign and implementation of efficient equipment at sites, providing industry support services and improving the quality of life of subsistence operators. The majority of initiatives, however, have been undertaken without careful analysis of, and interaction with, target communities; consequently, there has been minimal improvement overall in a rapidly expanding industry in dire need of assistance. This book facilitates a radical change in the way in which policies and support services are implemented for ASM by underscoring the importance of improving understanding of the industry's population and industry dynamics. Focusing upon the Economic Community of the West African States, the book raises important questions concerning the general approach taken to deliver support for ASM and presents findings from community-based research, a key to strengthening industry policy and assistance.