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Research has paid little attention to date on how European Union law and regulation affect both the public-private mix in healthcare and the organization of private health insurance as an industry. Filling this gap, this collective book provides insights on the political economy of EU insurance regulation, its impact on private health insurers and on its interactions with domestic healthcare policy-making in four countries. Assembling original contributions drafted by a multidisciplinary team, Private Health Insurance and the European Union offers a thorough examination of a largely unrecognized source of EU influence in healthcare – and sheds a new light on the role played by private actors in social policy. Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Cyril Benoît is CNRS Researcher in Political Science at the Centre for European Studies and Comparative Politics, Sciences Po, Paris, France. Marion Del Sol is Full Professor of Law at the University of Rennes 1, France, and a Research Fellow at the West Institute – Law and Europe (IODE). Philippe Martin is CNRS Research Professor of Law at the Centre for Comparative Labour Law and Social Security (COMPTRASEC), University of Bordeaux, France.