Herodotus I : The Persian Wars, Books I-II

by Herodotus

The Persian Wars (1), Historia de Heródoto (1-2)

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Herodotus the great Greek historian was born about 484 BCE, at Halicarnassus in Caria, Asia Minor, when it was subject to the Persians. He travelled widely in most of Asia Minor, Egypt (as far as Assuan), North Africa, Syria, the country north of the Black Sea, and many parts of the Aegean Sea and the mainland of Greece. He lived, it seems, for some time in Athens, and in 443 went with other colonists to the new city Thurii (in South Italy), where he died about 430. He was 'the prose show more correlative of the bard, a narrator of the deeds of real men, and a describer of foreign places' (Murray). Herodotus's famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians has an epic dignity which enhances his delightful style. It includes the rise of the Persian power and an account of the Persian empire; a description and history of Egypt; and a long digression on the geography and customs of Scythia. Even in the later books on the attacks of the Persians against Greece there are digressions. All is most entertaining and produces a grand unity. After personal inquiry and study of hearsay and other evidence, Herodotus gives us a not uncritical estimate of the best that he could find. The Loeb Classical Library edition of Herodotus is in four volumes. show less

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Herodotus is one of my favorite authors. His combining of history, local stories, culture, and myths is fascinating. Maybe not always true, but a wonderful insight into the cultures of his time.
Esta Historia de Heródoto, puede criticarse desde la comodidad de la perspectiva que tenemos en la actualidad de la misma manera que un adulto achacoso critica los primeros pasos de un niño. La historia no deja de avanzar actualmente pero, estos dos primeros libros supusieron los primeros pasos, que se dieron de forma ejemplar y vigorosa, con una trascendencia que aún supera los primeros que se dieron en la Luna. Sí, estos libros, están plagados de anécdotas, fábulas, cuentos, leyendas, en su mayoría de origen popular. No desdeñemos ese material, lo podemos digerir desde otras perspectivas, y el resultado será muy nutritivo. Heródoto, gusta de buscar el origen racional, incluso en lo más irracional, hablarnos de las show more costumbres cotidianas, religiosas y políticas, además de mencionar hechos bélicos. Realiza detalladas descripciones y cita a varios autores, polemizando en ocasiones. sus descripciones físicas suelen ir acompañadas de medidas; Heródoto nos abruma con pesos y distancias constantemente, sin embargo este ejemplar de la Biblioteca Clásica Gredos, nos da todas las equivalencias, además de todas las aclaraciones necesarias. Heródoto, es alguien que ha viajado, que ha realizado muchas entrevistas, que ha leído y que ha asistido a muchos eventos religiosos, festividades etc. En estos dos libros, se nos narran los antecedentes de la guerra entre persas y griegos. Comienza con Lidia y su rey Creso, si bien, nos pone en antecedentes y en contexto sin perder detalle. En el segundo libro, nos habla de Egipto, sus faraones, guerras, costumbres, particularidades culturales geográficas, etc. En resumen, fuera de toda discusión: Heródoto es de lectura obligatoria, pero, además es gratamente entretenido de leer, máxime si las notas de esta edición no nos dejan ningún dato sin aclarar. show less
HISTORIA: LIBROS I.II

Heródoto, a quien Cicerón llamó padre de la historia, obró la transición, decisiva para la humanidad, de una concepción mítica a otra racionalista e ilustrada en la interpretación de las acciones de los hombres.

Para narrar las Guerras Médicas que enfrentaron a griegos y persas en el siglo V a.C., relatando desde el pasado lejano al próximo y abarcando todo el mundo conocido en su época (tal es el contenido de su Historia), no se inspiró en los heroicos modelos épicos de Homero, ni en los relatos idealizadores con los que en su tiempo se embellecía la vida de personajes poderosos (genealogías) y la fundación de ciudades (relatos fundacionales), y fue mucho más allá que los logógrafos (sus show more precursores inmediatos en la narración de hechos históricos) y los géneros geográficos de los periplos y las descripciones de la tierra.

Su empeño consistió en preservar del olvido las gestas humanas, y en determinar la responsabilidad moral (a menudo la causa de los males). Con él la época mítica deja de considerarse historia y se convierte en prehistoria de los griegos. Y a partir de él será el ser humano, individual o colectivamente, con sus grandezas y miserias, el centro de ese nuevo género literario que conocemos como historiografía.

En el "Proemio", Heródoto declara su intención de salvar del olvido las hazañas de las generaciones que le precedieron, de investigar las causas de las Guerras Médicas centrándose en lo humano y en lo admirable realizado tanto por bárbaros como por griegos. En el libro primero se narra el pasado remoto de los persas: Creso, primer agresor en época histórica contra los griegos de Asia, y su derrota frente a Ciro, fundador del imperio persa. Este primer libro describe el crecimiento del imperio, y se centra fundamentalmente, además de en los persas, en lidios, babilonios y el pueblo nómada de los maságetas, todos ellos víctimas del irreprimible afán expansionista.
El libro segundo trata del siguiente pueblo agredido por los persas: Egipto, del que describe geografía y etnografía e historia desde los tiempos más remotos hasta el faraón Ámasis...
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Herodotus was the inventor of universal history. Often called the Father of History, his histories are divided into nine books named after the nine muses. A native of Halicarnassus on the coast of Asia Minor (modern Bodrum, Turkey), he traveled extensively, writing lively descriptions of the lands he saw and the peoples he encountered. Herodotus show more set out to relate the story of the conflict of the Greeks of his own time against the "barbarian" Asiatic empire of Achaemenid Persia. His long narrative, titled by modern convention The Histories, begins with the earliest traditions he believed reliable. It ends with a highly colored account of the defeat of the Persian emperor Xerxes and his immense army of slaves by a much smaller number of Greeks fighting to preserve their freedom. Herodotus wrote history, but his methods and assumptions were not those of a modern historian, and his work was unjustly rejected by his successor Thucydides as factually highly unreliable and full of inappropriate romance. By his own admission, Herodotus retold the stories of other peoples without necessarily believing them all. This allowed him total artistic freedom and control to create a picture of the world that corresponded entirely to his own view of it. The result is a picture of Herodotus's world that is also a picture of his mind and, therefore, of many other Greek minds during the period known as "late Archaic." During this period, the Greek mind was dominated by reason, the domain of the first philosophers and the observant and thoughtful medical theorists of the Hippocratic school. Traditional beliefs in the gods of Homer and in their Oracles, especially the Oracle at Delphi, also dominated during this period. The literary genius of Herodotus consisted in the art of the storyteller. The stories he chose to tell, and the order in which he told them, provide his readers with a total view of his world and the way in which the will of the gods and the ambitions of humans interacted to produce what is known as history. For this reason the ancient critic Longinus justly called Herodotus "the most Homeric of all authors." Like Homer, Herodotus strove to understand the world theologically---a goal that makes his work difficult for the reader to understand at first. But, in place of Homer's divine inspiration, Herodotus used his eyes and ears and wrote not poetry but prose. Rejecting what is commonly known as myth, he accepted instead "oral tradition" about remembered events. For example, although he believed that the Trojan War had been fought, he could not investigate it beyond what the poets had said. In his view this "ancient history" of the Greeks and the peoples of Asia was not like contemporary history, because the heroes of old who had created it were beings of a different and superior order who had had a different, direct, and personal relationship with the gods. In recognizing this distinction, Herodotus defined for all time the limits of the historian's discipline. (Bowker Author Biography) show less

Some Editions

Godley, A. D. (Translator)
Page, T. E. (Editor)

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Common Knowledge

Canonical title
Herodotus I : The Persian Wars, Books I-II
Important places
Greece; Asia Minor (Turkey)
Important events
Greco-Persian Wars (499 BCE | 449 BCE)
First words
What Herodotus the Halicarnassian has learnt by inquiry is here set forth: in order that so the memory of the pas may not be blotted out from among men by time, and that great and marvellous deeds done by Greeks and foreigner... (show all)s and especially the reason why they warred against each other may not lack renown.

Classifications

Genres
History, Nonfiction, General Nonfiction
DDC/MDS
938History & geographyHistory of ancient world (to ca. 499)Greece to 323
LCC
PA4002 .A2Language and LiteratureGreek language and literature. Latin language and literatureGreek literatureIndividual authors
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