Mental Illness and Psychology
by Michel Foucault
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Michel Foucault's first exploration of insanity as a social construct--and his debut work of criticism, published nearly a decade before Madness and Civilization--Madness offers an invaluable lens through which to observe the seminal social critic's philosophical evolution. Previously published as Mental Illness and Psychology, this exciting and accessible new edition offers unique insight into both Foucault's early engagement with the psychoanalytic tradition and his critical break from show more Freud, giving readers a crucial look at the thinking that prefigured The History of Sexuality, The Archeology of Knowledge, and more. show lessTags
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an insightful examination of how mental illness is perceived in terms of psychology. i agree with foucault's argument that psychiatry cannot be successful if it approaches mental pathologies in the same manner that physiological pathologies exist; science has made it far enough to prove that mental illnesses are in fact rooted in differences in physiological structure, but has yet to align (and probably will never) with eugenic arguments (i.e. "removing/'fixing' the 'flawed' part of the brain"). i think, as does foucalt, that it's more productive to recognize that every person has their own pathology, and that there is no cure-all for mental conditions that can be broadly tied together through the presence of shared symptoms. he also show more maintains that people whose behavior appears "regressive" insofar as appearing childish is less about a true evolutionary reversal in these individuals and more in line with a defense mechanism that is born from a failure to reconcile the past and the present so that the potential of a future appears possible. this is especially true of those who are paranoid/depressive, who retroactively apply their present mental framework of hopelessness to the past to justify their outlook now. seeing as this was written before a number of significant scientific advances, not every point foucault makes is flawless. personally, though, i think the idea that mental pathologies cannot be treated (or "cured") in precisely the manner that other, physiological ones can be still holds true—the observable cause and effect of physiological ailments simply doesn't universally apply to cases of mental illness, and it's necessary to understand that every case is different. show less
Foucault unternimmt es in seiner programmatischen Schrift, in Anlehnung an seine große 'Histoire de la folie', nicht nur Ausblicke auf einen Entwurf zu einer wissenschaftlichen Methode, sondern auch auf die strukturale Theorie im allgemeinen zu geben; dabei gilt ihm Wissen und Wissenschaft stets als verstrickt in einen Begriff von 'menschlicher Existenz', Begriffe wie 'psychische Krankheit' oder jener der 'psychologischen Analyse' werden als Momente der Geschichte des Individuums, wie auch der Gesellschaft, vorgestellt. Die Psychologisierung des Individuums sowie die allgemeinen Strukturen von 'Geisteskrankeiten' werden dabei als Momente betrachtet, in denen sich nicht nur Indizien zu einer Geschichte des Menschen und seiner Kultur, show more sondern auch zu jener seiner persönlichen Freiheit (oder Gefangenschaft) finden lassen:
"Die psychologischen Dimensionen des Wahnsinns können also nicht von einem ihnen äußerlichen Erklärungs- oder Reduktionsprinzip zurückgedrängt werden. Sondern sie sind anzusetzen in dem allgemeinen Verhältnis, das vor fast zweihundert Jahren der Mensch des Okzidents zu sich selbst hergestellt hat. Dieses Verhältnis ist, vom spitzesten Winkel aus gesehen, eben die Psychologie, in die er ein wenig von seinem Staunen, viel von seinem Stolz und das Wesentliche seiner Fähigkeit zu vergessen gelegt hat; unter weiter geöffnetem Winkel ist es das Hervortreten - in den Formen des Wissens - eines homo psychologicus, dem es aufgegeben ist, die innere, fleischlose, ironische und positive Wahrheit alles Selbstbewußtseins und aller möglichen Erkenntnis in sich zu versammeln; in der weitesten Öffnung schließlich ist es dasjenige Verhältnis, durch welches der Mensch sein Verhältnis zur Wahrheit ersetzt hat, indem er diese in das grundlegende Postulat entfremdete: er selbst sei die Wahrheit der Wahrheit." (M.Foucault; ibid., S 131) show less
"Die psychologischen Dimensionen des Wahnsinns können also nicht von einem ihnen äußerlichen Erklärungs- oder Reduktionsprinzip zurückgedrängt werden. Sondern sie sind anzusetzen in dem allgemeinen Verhältnis, das vor fast zweihundert Jahren der Mensch des Okzidents zu sich selbst hergestellt hat. Dieses Verhältnis ist, vom spitzesten Winkel aus gesehen, eben die Psychologie, in die er ein wenig von seinem Staunen, viel von seinem Stolz und das Wesentliche seiner Fähigkeit zu vergessen gelegt hat; unter weiter geöffnetem Winkel ist es das Hervortreten - in den Formen des Wissens - eines homo psychologicus, dem es aufgegeben ist, die innere, fleischlose, ironische und positive Wahrheit alles Selbstbewußtseins und aller möglichen Erkenntnis in sich zu versammeln; in der weitesten Öffnung schließlich ist es dasjenige Verhältnis, durch welches der Mensch sein Verhältnis zur Wahrheit ersetzt hat, indem er diese in das grundlegende Postulat entfremdete: er selbst sei die Wahrheit der Wahrheit." (M.Foucault; ibid., S 131) show less
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Michel Foucault was born on October 15, 1926, in Poitiers, France, and was educated at the Sorbonne, in Paris. He taught at colleges all across Europe, including the Universities of Lill, Uppsala, Hamburg, and Warsaw, before returning to France. There he taught at the University of Paris and the College of France, where he served as the chairman show more of History of Systems of Thought until his death. Regarded as one of the great French thinkers of the twentieth century, Foucault's interest was in the human sciences, areas such as psychiatry, language, literature, and intellectual history. He made significant contributions not just to the fields themselves, but to the way these areas are studied, and is particularly known for his work on the development of twentieth-century attitudes toward knowledge, sexuality, illness, and madness. Foucault's initial study of these subjects used an archaeological method, which involved sifting through seemingly unrelated scholarly minutia of a certain time period in order to reconstruct, analyze, and classify the age according to the types of knowledge that were possible during that time. This approach was used in Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, for which Foucault received a medal from France's Center of Scientific Research in 1961, The Birth of the Clinic, The Order of Things, and The Archaeology of Knowledge. Foucault also wrote Discipline and Punishment: The Birth of the Prison, a study of the ways that society's views of crime and punishment have developed, and The History of Sexuality, which was intended to be a six-volume series. Before he could begin the final two volumes, however, Foucault died of a neurological disorder in 1984. (Bowker Author Biography) An outstanding philosopher and intellectual figure on the contemporary scene, Foucault has been influential in both philosophy and the recent interpretation of literature. Trained in philosophy and psychology, he was named to a chair at the College de France in 1970. He also taught in various departments of French literature as a visiting professor in the United States. Until 1968 he was a major figure in the critical movement known as structuralism, a method of intellectual inquiry based on the idea that all human behavior and achievement arises from an innate ability to organize, or "structure," human experiences. In both The Order of Things (1966) and The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969) he was interested in the organization of human knowledge and in the transformations of intellectual categories. His influential history of the prison, Discipline and Punish (1975), contributed to the study of the relationship of power and various forms of knowledge, as did the several volumes of an unfinished History of Sexuality published just before his death. (Bowker Author Biography) show less
All Editions
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Belongs to Publisher Series
Common Knowledge
- Original title
- Mental Illness and Psychology
- Alternate titles
- Madness: The Invention of an Idea
- Original publication date
- 1954
Classifications
- Genres
- Nonfiction, Philosophy, General Nonfiction
- DDC/MDS
- 616.89 — Applied science & technology Medicine & health Diseases, Allergies, Skin Conditions Nervous Disorders: Autism, Anorexia, OCD Mental disorders: bi-polar/schizophrenia
- LCC
- RC454 .F6513 — Medicine Internal medicine Internal medicine Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Psychiatry
- BISAC
Statistics
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- 340
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- 93,071
- Reviews
- 2
- Rating
- (3.98)
- Languages
- 12 — Czech, Danish, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish
- Media
- Paper
- ISBNs
- 30
- ASINs
- 3



























































