The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253–1255

by Peter Jackson

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Prior to the 13th century the horizons of Western Christians extended no further than the principalities of what is now European Russia and the Islamic powers of the near East. Beyond lay a world of which they had only the haziest impressions. The belief that Christian communities were to be found here was nurtured in the 12th century by the growth of the legend of Prester John; but otherwise Asia was peopled in the Western imagination by monstrous races borrowed from the works of late show more Antiquity. The rise of the Mongol empire, however, and the Mongol devastation of Hungary and Poland in 1241-2, brought the West into much closer contact with Inner Asia. Embassies were being exchanged with the Mongols from 1245; Italian merchants began to profit from the commercial opportunities offered by the union of much of Asia under a single power; and the newly emerging orders of preaching friars, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, who had been active in Eastern Europe and in the Islamic world since the 1220s, found their field of operations greatly expanded. The Franciscan William of Rubruck, who travelled through the Mongol empire in 1253-55, composed the earliest report of such a missionary journey that has come down to us. Couched in the form of a long letter to the French king Louis IX, this remarkable document constitutes an extremely valuable source on the Mongols during the era of their greatness. Rubruck was also the first Westerner to make contact with Buddhism, to describe the shamanistic practices by which the Mongols and other steppe peoples set such store, and to make detailed observations on the Nestorian Christian church and its rites. His remarks on geography, ethnography and fauna (notably the ovis poli, which he encountered a generation before the more celebrated Venetian adventurer from whom it takes its scientific name) give him an additional claim to be one of the keenest of medieval European observers to have travelled in Asia. This new annotated translation is designed to supersede that of W.W. Rockhill, published by the Society in 1900, by relating Rubruck's testimony to the wealth of material on Mongol Asia that has become accessible in other sources over the past nine decades. show less

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An interesting text about Friar William's travels. He endured trials & hardships (weather, bad interpreters, lack of food & drink, etc...) in his travels, yet gives a lively account of his time in his telling of it to King Louis IX of France. Truthfully, he comes across a bit whiny at times (but I would have been too, given the circumstances under which he traveled).

I enjoyed this particular passage where Friar William is debating religion with some "idolators" (a version of Buddhism):
Then they asked me, somewhat mockingly, 'Where is God?'
To which I replied, 'Where is your soul?'
'In our bodies,' they said.
'Is it not everywhere in your body,' I asked, 'and in complete control of it, and yet is not to be seen? In this way God is
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everywhere and governs all things, while being invisible, because He is wisdom and understanding.' But at this point, when I wanted to argue further with them, my interpreter, who was tired and incapable of finding the right words, made me stop talking.


While the footnotes were helpful, I found them tedious to read in relation to Friar William's text. Additionally, it would have helped had I been more familiar with Franciscan interpretations of Christianity while reading.
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9+ Works 429 Members

Some Editions

Chiesa, Paolo (Editor)
Jackson, Peter (Translator)
Jansson, Sami (Translator)
Ruotsala, Antti (Introduction)

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Common Knowledge

Canonical title
The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253–1255
Original publication date
2009
People/Characters
William of Rubruck

Classifications

Genres
Nonfiction, Travel, General Nonfiction, Religion & Spirituality, History
DDC/MDS
915.0422History & geographyGeography & travelGeography of and travel in Asiasubdivisions and modified standard subdivisionsTravel; guidebooks1162-1480; Mongol Empire
LCC
DS6 .R78413History of Europe, Asia, Africa and OceaniaAsiaHistory of AsiaDescription and travel
BISAC

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