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In the post-cold war era, new amorphous challenges to national and international security have emerged. These threats do not stem from the actions of clearly defined individual states but from diffuse issues that transcend sovereign borders and bear directly off the the effects of increasing globalization. Such 'gray area' phenomena are redefining the nature and understanding of global stability, challenging policymakers to develop new, non-state -centered paradigms of security. This report focuses specifically on the threat posed by new and reemerging infectious diseases, providing a more com