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In late 1940, General Vasilii Chuikov was sent by the Soviet government to China to serve as chief military adviser to General Chiang Kaishek, head of the Nationalist government. China was still fighting alone against Japan after more than three years of war. It was Chuikov's task to oversee the provision of Soviet military aid to Chiang's armies and to press the Chinese leadership toward more aggressive resistance to the Japanese. Chuikov came well prepared for his task, having studied Chinese as an officer cadet and having twice been posted to China in the 1920s. Chuikov's evaluation of the Chinese Army was much more positive than that of American and British observers of the time. While he recognized problems in the highly politicized senior command, he commended the fighting spirit of the junior officers and the enlisted men. Chuikov not only saw Nationalist China as unconquerable; he also believed that the Nationalists were capable of sustained offensive operations against the Japanese. From his field inspections, he offers professional assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese army and he subjects a number of major engagements fought in 1941 to close analysis. Chuikov's memoir ranges widely. He portrays in sharp outline the Nationalist military elite, he memorably describes life in the wartime capital of Chungking, and he writes vividly of his travels through rural China. On his return to the Soviet Union in 1942, Chuikov was assigned command of the 62nd army and made his name as the victor of Stalingrad. This perceptive and keenly observed memoir, written by one of the great Soviet commanders of the Second World War, is suffused with deep sympathy for the Chinese people in their resistance struggle.