Hume: A Very Short Introduction

by A. J. Ayer

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The scholar A. J. Ayer's comprehensive study of the life and works of David Hume opens up an important area of British philosophical thinking and makes available one of Britain's greatest thinkers to a wide audience.

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After a short introductory chapter on Hume's life, the book consists of transcripts of 4 lectures Ayer gave on Hume and it shows. It is very much Ayer's assessment of Hume and where he agrees and disagrees philosophically with him rather than an introduction to Hume.
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The British Empirical Tradition in all its Scottish glory.
The British Empirical Tradition in all its Scottish glory.
Hume is one of the greatest of all British philosophers, and even in his own lifetime was celebrated as one of the pivotal figures of the Enlightenment. A central theme of his philosophy is the conviction that questions traditionally thought of as completely independent of the scientific realm's questions about the mind, about morality, and about God, for example's are actually best explained using the experimental methods characteristic of the natural sciences. Hume's 'naturalist' approach to a wide variety of philosophical topics resulted in highly original theories about perception, self-identity, causation, morality, politics, and religion, all of which are discussed in this stimulating introduction by A J Ayer, himself one of the show more twentieth century's most important philosophers. Ayer also gives an account of Hume's fascinating life and character, and includes generous quotations from Hume's lucid and often witty writings. show less
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De gezaghebbende Britse filosoof Ayer opent met een uitgebreide opsomming van de levensloop van zijn grote voorganger Hume (1711-1776), en maakt vervolgens duidelijk dat Hume beweert dat de menselijke rede niet bij machte is om te bewijzen dat er een wereld buiten onze geest bestaat of dat er een God is. Terecht veel aandacht krijgt Humes opvatting over causaliteit: een noodzakelijke band tussen oorzaak en gevolg is niet aan te tonen. Alles wat bestaat is opeenvolging, de rest is gewenning. In een te kort hoofdstuk worden dan Humes opvattingen over moraal besproken. Ayer voelt zich erg verwant met Humes standpunten. Dat is goed te merken. Hij verdedigt Hume, soms tegen beter weten in. Het boek is duidelijk geschreven. show more Bedoeld als inleiding lijkt het me toch iets te gecomprimeerd. Deel uit een reeks van vijf inleidingen tot belangrijke filosofen (Plato, Marx, Hume, Montaigne, Wittgenstein), die ook als set te koop zijn*.

Ik moet het er mee eens zijn, er zijn beter inleidingen verkrijgbaar, maar dit lijkt ook onder critici de consensus te zijn. Als je echt een beeld van hume wil hebben zul ej toch naar de iets zwaardere lectuur moeten.
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Cartea „Hume: O scurtă introducere” de A.J. Ayer este o prezentare clară și accesibilă a vieții și ideilor lui David Hume, unul dintre cei mai influenți filosofi ai Iluminismului.

📖 Despre autor

a) A.J. Ayer (1910–1989), filosof britanic analitic.
b) Reprezentant al pozitivismului logic și al empirismului modern.
c) A scris lucrări importante despre limbaj, adevăr, cunoaștere și filosofia minții.

📚 Despre volum

a) Publicată în 1980, în seria Past Masters de la Oxford University Press.
b) Lucrarea urmărește viața lui David Hume (1711–1776) și expune principalele sale contribuții filosofice.
c) Structurată ca o introducere prietenoasă, dar riguroasă, pentru cititorii care fac primii pași în studiul lui show more Hume.

🔎 Teme principale

a) Teoria cunoașterii și critica ideii de cauzalitate.
b) Distincția dintre „impresii” și „idei” în experiență.
c) Scepticismul lui Hume cu privire la religie și metafizică.
d) Reflecții despre morală, sentimente și natura umană.
e) Influența lui Hume asupra filosofiei moderne, de la Kant până la pozitivismul logic.

⚖️ Semnificație

a) Cartea oferă o sinteză clară a gândirii lui Hume, explicată de un mare filosof al secolului XX.
b) Este o resursă esențială pentru cei interesați de empirism și scepticism.
c) Leagă ideile lui Hume de evoluțiile ulterioare din filosofia analitică.
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48+ Works 5,081 Members
After attending Eton and Oxford University, Sir Alfred Jules Ayer studied philosophy at the University of Vienna, where he affiliated with the Vienna Circle, the school of logical positivism led by Moritz Schlick. On his return to England, he accepted an appointment in 1933 as lecturer at Oxford, and, except for his military service during World show more War II, he wrote and taught philosophy until his death. During World War II, Ayer was commissioned into the Welsh Guards, and in 1945 was an attache at the British Embassy in Paris. In 1946 he was appointed Grote Professor at the University of London and in 1959 Wykeham Professor of Logic at Oxford. Ayer's fame was established with the publication of his first book, Language, Truth and Logic, in 1936. This work introduced logical positivism to the English-speaking world in a clear, vigorous, and persuasive style. Building on the thought of Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ayer sharpened their theses, boldly revealing the affiliations of logical positivism with traditional British empiricism, particularly the work of David Hume. Ayer claimed that only verifiable statements are true or false. He considered statements of religion or art as merely emotional expressions. For his contributions to philosophy, Ayer was knighted by the British Crown. He has provided an account of his life, at least of its professional and philosophical sides, in two autobiographies. (Bowker Author Biography) show less

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Common Knowledge

Canonical title
Hume: A Very Short Introduction
Original title
Hume
Alternate titles
Hume: A Very Short Introduction
Original publication date
1980
People/Characters
David Hume
Important places
Scotland, UK
First words
David Hume, to my mind the greatest of all British philosophers, was born in Edinburgh on what, in the old calendar, was 26 April 1711.
Quotations
Hume's gift for irony matches that of his fellow historian Edward Gibbon, and like Gibbon he is most ready to display it when he writes about religion. Thus in his essay 'On the Immortality of the Soul', which we have seen t... (show all)hat he refrained from publishing during his lifetime, he remarkss that 'Nothing could set in a fuller light the infinite obligations which mankind have to Divine revelation; since we find, that no other medium could ascertain this great and important truth'. More straightforwardlly, he concludes the chapter of the Enquiry in which he has shown that there cannot be an justification for a belief in miracles by asserting 'that the Christian Religion not only was first attended with miracles, but even to this day cannot be believed by any reasonable person without one. (Chap.2, "Aims and Methods")
Hume is consistently hostile to Christianity, both on intellectual and on moral grounds. Thus in his essay "The Natural History of Religion', he quotes with approval the verdict of 'Averroes, the famous Arabian', 'that of al... (show all)l religions, the most absurd and nonsensical is that, whose votaries eat, after having created their deity' and adds for his own part 'that there is no tenet in all paganizm which would give so fair a scope to ridicule as that of the real prescence; for it is so absurd that it eludes the force of all argument.' (Chap.2, "Aims and Methods")
For a start, there are the assumptions involved in characterizing anything as a physical object of an observable kind. It has to be accessible to more than one sense and to any suitably equipped observer. It has to be capab... (show all)le of existing unperceived. It has to occupy a position or series of positions in three-dimensional space and to persist throughout some period of time. (Chap.3, "Bodies and Selves")
Hume accords the phenomenon of constancy the primary role in causing the imagination to transform impressions into enduring objects, but he does not think it sufficient on its own. It is adided in its work by what he calls c... (show all)oherence, of which he gives two examples. The first example is that of his returning to his room after an hour's absence to find that his fire is burning less brightly. Since he has frequently witnessed the process of his fire's dying down, his imagination fills in the gap. (Chap.3, "Bodies and Selves")
Last words
(Click to show. Warning: May contain spoilers.)Commit it then to the flames:  for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion.
Original language
English UK
Disambiguation notice
Originally published: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1980, in series: Past masters.

Classifications

Genres
Philosophy, Nonfiction, General Nonfiction, Biography & Memoir
DDC/MDS
192Philosophy & psychologyModern western philosophyPhilosophy of British Isles
LCC
B1498 .A95Philosophy, Psychology and ReligionPhilosophy (General)By periodModernBy region or country
BISAC

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