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Le démon de la théorie (1998)

by Antoine Compagnon

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1031265,093 (3.4)None
In the late twentieth century, the common sense approach to literature was deemed naïve. Roland Barthes proclaimed the death of the author, and Hillis Miller declared that all interpretation is theoretical. In many a literature department, graduate students spent far more time on Derrida and Foucault than on Shakespeare and Milton. Despite this, common sense approaches to literature--including the belief that literature represents reality and authorial intentions matter--have resisted theory with tenacity. As a result, argues Antoine Compagnon, theorists have gone to extremes, boxed themselves into paradoxes, and distanced others from their ideas. Eloquently assessing the accomplishments and failings of literary theory, Compagnon ultimately defends the methods and goals of a theoretical commitment tempered by the wisdom of common sense. While it constitutes an engaging introduction to recent theoretical debates, the book is organized not by school of thought but around seven central questions: literariness, the author, the world, the reader, style, history, and value. What makes a work literature? Does fiction imitate reality? Is the reader present in the text? What constitutes style? Is the context in which a work is written important to its apprehension? Are literary values universal? As he examines how theory has wrestled these themes, Compagnon establishes not a simple middle-ground but a state of productive tension between high theory and common sense. The result is a book that will be met with both controversy and sighs of relief.… (more)
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> Revue critique des résultats de la théorie littéraire sur les questions fondamentales
Par Barthelemy, le 11 mai 2012 (Sur Amazon) 4/5… ; (en ligne),
URL : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/customer-reviews/R1968XKJFH1RZY?ref=pf_vv_at_pdctrvw_sr...
Au cours du XXème, la théorie littéraire a prit une voie analytique et formaliste en opposition déclarée avec les idées traditionnelles. Longtemps restée en marge de ce mouvement, la France s'est retrouvée à sa pointe au cours des années 60 et 70. Mais malgré toutes les charges des théoriciens contre les idées du sens commun, celles-ci ont résisté à leur ambition d'objectivité scientifique et sont toujours d'actualités.
Antoine Compagnon effectue ici un bilan de ces années théoriques et tente de trouver un juste milieu entre les positions de la théorie et celles du sens commun, les jugeant toutes deux excessives. L'ouvrage est divisé en sept chapitres, tous centrés sur une notion classique désavouée par les théoriciens - la littérarité, l'auteur, le monde, le lecteur, le style, l'histoire, la valeur. Pour chaque chapitre l'auteur présente d'abord la vision traditionnelle de la notion, expose ensuite les principales thèses de la théorie (en montrant le chemin parcouru et leurs limites), cherche enfin un compromis raisonnable.
Antoine Compagnon s'avère très bon pédagogue, d'une grande clarté, et même si le vocabulaire spécialisé reste omniprésent, les multiples thèses présentées sont résumées aussi simplement que fidèlement. Mais si les reproches faits à la théorie comme au sens commun sont souvent justes, les compromis avancés paraissent à la fois convaincants sans être définitifs. On retrouve en fait un grand problème commun à toutes les sciences humaines : arriver à l'objectivité sans tomber dans le scepticisme épistémologique et le relativisme.
Cet ouvrage à la fois rétrospectif et critique n'en reste pas moins très instructif, notamment pour avoir une vue d'ensemble des problèmes fondamentaux en théorie littéraire et des solutions avancées.

> LE DÉMON DE LA THÉORIE Littérature et sens commun, Antoine COMPAGNON (Seuil Paris, 1998, 311 p.)
Se reporter au compte rendu de Claude BHERER
In: (1999). Compte rendu de [Nouveautés]. Québec français, n° 112 (hiver 1999), pp. 8–9.… ; (en ligne),
URL : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/56244ac
  Joop-le-philosophe | Jan 24, 2021 |
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In the late twentieth century, the common sense approach to literature was deemed naïve. Roland Barthes proclaimed the death of the author, and Hillis Miller declared that all interpretation is theoretical. In many a literature department, graduate students spent far more time on Derrida and Foucault than on Shakespeare and Milton. Despite this, common sense approaches to literature--including the belief that literature represents reality and authorial intentions matter--have resisted theory with tenacity. As a result, argues Antoine Compagnon, theorists have gone to extremes, boxed themselves into paradoxes, and distanced others from their ideas. Eloquently assessing the accomplishments and failings of literary theory, Compagnon ultimately defends the methods and goals of a theoretical commitment tempered by the wisdom of common sense. While it constitutes an engaging introduction to recent theoretical debates, the book is organized not by school of thought but around seven central questions: literariness, the author, the world, the reader, style, history, and value. What makes a work literature? Does fiction imitate reality? Is the reader present in the text? What constitutes style? Is the context in which a work is written important to its apprehension? Are literary values universal? As he examines how theory has wrestled these themes, Compagnon establishes not a simple middle-ground but a state of productive tension between high theory and common sense. The result is a book that will be met with both controversy and sighs of relief.

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