Barbarism and civilization have been inextricably intertwined in 20th-century Europe, says University of Chicago historian Wasserstein. Taking WWI as his starting point, Wasserstein details how some of history's greatest achievements (increased democracy, widespread wealth and longevity) have been accompanied by tremendous violence--two vicious world wars, government-instigated famine in the Soviet Union, genocide in the Balkans and terrorism in the name of Islam. Wasserstein focuses on politics and the economy, moving smoothly from Britain to Germany to Russia to Turkey and back, with a clear command of all the historical material. Cultural and gender issues receive occasional attention, as in his discussions of the status of women in the 1930s and 1960s. Wasserstein even takes his story up to the present, covering changes Muslim immigration has brought to the Continent. Wasserstein ends on a pessimistic note: while he sees greater tenderness toward the needy, he fears for the future in a post-Christian Europe without a moral compass and a vulgarized public discourse and aesthetics seen in an increasingly dumbed down pop culture of minimal standards and accomplishment.