Marguerite Porete (1250–1310)
Author of Marguerite Porete: The Mirror of Simple Souls
About the Author
Works by Marguerite Porete
Associated Works
Women in Praise of the Sacred: 43 Centuries of Spiritual Poetry by Women (1994) — Contributor — 382 copies, 5 reviews
Wise Women: Over Two Thousand Years of Spiritual Writing by Women (1996) — Contributor — 228 copies, 1 review
The Sheed and Ward Anthology of Catholic Philosophy (A Sheed & Ward Classic) (2005) — Contributor — 33 copies
Tagged
Common Knowledge
- Other names
- Porette, Marguerite
- Birthdate
- 1250
- Date of death
- 1310-06-01
- Gender
- female
- Occupations
- mystic
writer
poet - Short biography
- Marguerite Porete was born in the county of Hainault in present-day Belgium, around 1248 or 1250. Not much else is known about her early life except that she began her spiritual life as a Béguine. These were lay Catholic women who lived in communal dwellings with other women devoted to the religious life, but did not take formal vows of as a nun. Marguerite is remembered today as the author of the mystical book Mirouer des simples ames anienties (Mirror of Simple Souls), written around 1300. It was structured as a dialogue between personified characters such as Love, Virtue, Reason, and the Soul, a common trope in medieval religious texts. Through the person of Love, Marguerite explored the idea of radical annihilation of the self to experience the divine while still alive. At some time between 1296 and 1306, the Bishop of Cambrai declared the Mirror heretical and ordered all copies of it to be burned in the public square of Valenciennes. Marguerite objected and sent the book to three other theological authorities for their approval. Even though they agreed that the Mirror was technically within the guidelines of the Church, Marguerite and her book were brought before William of Paris, the Grand Inquisitor of France. After a lengthy trial, during which she refused to recant her views, she was found guilty of heresy and burned at the stake.
- Cause of death
- burned at the stake
- Nationality
- France
- Birthplace
- Hainault, Belgium
- Places of residence
- Valenciennes, France
- Place of death
- Paris, France
- Associated Place (for map)
- France
Members
Reviews
This masterpiece of Christian apophatic mysticism is notable for also containing a high degree of affective content. It includes elements of Boethian allegory and draws on the literary tradition of courtly love, while describing the annihilation and apotheosis of the Soul in a set of visionary conversations. Church authorities considered its contents to be dangerously heretical because of the antinomian idea (sometimes connected with the heresy of the Free Spirit) that the mystic who attains show more to annihilation has desire free from sin, and thus may exercise his or her will without constraint.
"And therefore I say to all that no-one who understands as I do will understand this book unless he understands it by the strength of Faith and the Power of Love, who are my mistresses, for I obey them in all things. And then too, says Reason, I want to say this: that whoever has these two strings to his bow, that is the light of Faith and the power of Love, he has permission to do whatever pleases him, and the witness of this is Love herself, who says to the Soul: Beloved, love, and do what you will." (30) This text thus manifests a link in the germination of Thelema between Augustine's Dilige et quod vis fac ("Love, and do what you will") and Colonna's Trahit sua quemque voluptas ("Let each follow his own pleasure").
Marguerite was burnt at the stake for heresy in 1310, less than a month after the similar execution of fifty-four Knights Templar. Her book had been incinerated earlier, but she persisted in authorizing its distribution. After her death, it was sufficiently prized by its readers that they continued to circulate it sub rosa, and it was not reconnected to her authorship until the middle of the twentieth century. In the meanwhile it was influential on other mystics including Eckhart and Ruysbroek.
Porete's idea of annihilation bears fruitful comparison with the Sufi doctrine of fana. Thelemites will be well-advised to study The Mirror of Simple Souls in connection with Liber CLXVI and its related rituals and attainments. show less
"And therefore I say to all that no-one who understands as I do will understand this book unless he understands it by the strength of Faith and the Power of Love, who are my mistresses, for I obey them in all things. And then too, says Reason, I want to say this: that whoever has these two strings to his bow, that is the light of Faith and the power of Love, he has permission to do whatever pleases him, and the witness of this is Love herself, who says to the Soul: Beloved, love, and do what you will." (30) This text thus manifests a link in the germination of Thelema between Augustine's Dilige et quod vis fac ("Love, and do what you will") and Colonna's Trahit sua quemque voluptas ("Let each follow his own pleasure").
Marguerite was burnt at the stake for heresy in 1310, less than a month after the similar execution of fifty-four Knights Templar. Her book had been incinerated earlier, but she persisted in authorizing its distribution. After her death, it was sufficiently prized by its readers that they continued to circulate it sub rosa, and it was not reconnected to her authorship until the middle of the twentieth century. In the meanwhile it was influential on other mystics including Eckhart and Ruysbroek.
Porete's idea of annihilation bears fruitful comparison with the Sufi doctrine of fana. Thelemites will be well-advised to study The Mirror of Simple Souls in connection with Liber CLXVI and its related rituals and attainments. show less
Marguerite Porete was an educated woman, aspiring to devote herself to Christ. She lived in France during the medieval period. My reading of her work is respectful, but wary, as if come across a being who is human yet not quite of this Earth. Her words seem arrived from across a sea of mystic love transcending words.
Beguines were lay women who desired the spiritual life but were unable to join a nunnery, which usually required the payment of large sum of money. Many lovely mystics living in show more poverty were Beguines, especially if educated.
The Church charged Porete with heresy and forbid her from circulating her work. The Mirror was somehow distributed in spite of (or because of) the ban. Porete was brought before the Inquisition. Unrepentant, she refused to save herself and was burned at the stake.
The Mirror was also burned with her but copies were made and her work was copied by hand and studied. In the 20th century, theological scholarship has brought light on this work and on Porete herself.
"The Mirror, like many mystical works of the time, describes a process of the union between the human soul and God through love. Porete describes a seven stage process by which the soul of the mystic is 'annihalated' and its will lost in God's infinite being and love. Margaret made the argument that after the early stages the mystic was so united with God there was no need for participation in the sacramental life of the church. Sermons on heaven and hell, and even rituals like the Eucharist, become irrelevant to an annihilated soul. Eventually the soul is so united in the love of God any distinction is gone. The mystic soul passes into the ineffable seventh stage of death which completes perfect union with God.
and is therefore inexpressible.
The Mirror is a beautiful work of literature and Margaret shows a surprising knowledge of theology, spirituality, and of literature, and herself has considerable abilities as a writer. Like other beguine mystics such as Hadjewich and Metchild, the process of love and uniting to God by annihalating self-will and by a spiritual marriage with the word of God, Jesus, with the soul, seems to be critically important and at many points Margaret borrows the tropes of secular troubadour literature to express her mystical union. It is quite possible Porete influenced Eckhart and other mystics, and no doubt she had a unique and couragous spirituality. Whether though Christian mysticism can only ever accept the union of God as between two loving but seperate wills, or of complete merging of being, I am not sure, but in my own view Margaret went too far in terms of seeing herself as in indistinct union. Nevertheless, even from afar Read Less
3Like this review show less
Beguines were lay women who desired the spiritual life but were unable to join a nunnery, which usually required the payment of large sum of money. Many lovely mystics living in show more poverty were Beguines, especially if educated.
The Church charged Porete with heresy and forbid her from circulating her work. The Mirror was somehow distributed in spite of (or because of) the ban. Porete was brought before the Inquisition. Unrepentant, she refused to save herself and was burned at the stake.
The Mirror was also burned with her but copies were made and her work was copied by hand and studied. In the 20th century, theological scholarship has brought light on this work and on Porete herself.
"The Mirror, like many mystical works of the time, describes a process of the union between the human soul and God through love. Porete describes a seven stage process by which the soul of the mystic is 'annihalated' and its will lost in God's infinite being and love. Margaret made the argument that after the early stages the mystic was so united with God there was no need for participation in the sacramental life of the church. Sermons on heaven and hell, and even rituals like the Eucharist, become irrelevant to an annihilated soul. Eventually the soul is so united in the love of God any distinction is gone. The mystic soul passes into the ineffable seventh stage of death which completes perfect union with God.
and is therefore inexpressible.
The Mirror is a beautiful work of literature and Margaret shows a surprising knowledge of theology, spirituality, and of literature, and herself has considerable abilities as a writer. Like other beguine mystics such as Hadjewich and Metchild, the process of love and uniting to God by annihalating self-will and by a spiritual marriage with the word of God, Jesus, with the soul, seems to be critically important and at many points Margaret borrows the tropes of secular troubadour literature to express her mystical union. It is quite possible Porete influenced Eckhart and other mystics, and no doubt she had a unique and couragous spirituality. Whether though Christian mysticism can only ever accept the union of God as between two loving but seperate wills, or of complete merging of being, I am not sure, but in my own view Margaret went too far in terms of seeing herself as in indistinct union. Nevertheless, even from afar Read Less
3Like this review show less
Not So Simple
Review of the Echo Point Books & Media, LLC Kindle eBook (December 19, 2022) of the original English language hardcover (1927) of a 15th Century English language manuscript as translated by the anonymous N.M. from the French language original "Le miroir des âmes simples et anéanties : Et qui seulement demeurent en vouloir et désir d'Amour" (The Mirror of the Simple Souls Who Are Annihilated and Remain Only in Will and Desire of Love) (c. 1306).
Let me say right at the start here that the 2-star rating applies only to the original 1927 edition and any of its later reprints/reissues. That edition was prepared on the basis of the discovery of one of the 15th century English translation manuscripts found in the British Library in 1911. At that time, it was thought that the 14th Century French language original was lost and also that it was written by a man. It was not until 1946 that the writer was identified as Marguerite Porete (c. 13th Century - 1310). Porete had been condemned as a heretic by the Church and was burned at the stake in Paris in 1310 and her book was banned.
See print at https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De_baghine_Des_dodes_dantz_L...
A print of a Beguine mystic as Marguerite Porete is assumed to have been. Image sourced from the Wikipedia article on Porete (as linked above).
The 1927 edition provides some minimal notes although much of it will be confusing to a non-informed in Christian mysticism reader such as myself. The archaic English is confusing and often repetitive. The commentary by the 15th Century translator known only by the initials N.M. does not help at all, it is a sort of Ignotum per ignotius, where the explanation is even more confusing than the thing it is meant to explain.
I recommend getting any of the later translations which were made after the discovery of a copy of the original French language manuscript. For example, the description synopsis of the University of Notre Dame edition The Mirror of Simple Souls (1999) makes it sound quite authoritative.
Soundtrack, Trivia and Links
I read this edition of The Mirror of Simple Souls due to its being cheaply and easily available. I should have done more research before choosing it. I sought it out after coming home from a performance by Canadian modern dance icon Louise Lecavalier of her recent work Stations. Lecavalier discussed in the post-show Q&A how part of her dance work had been inspired by her reading of Marguerite Porete.
See photograph at https://scontent-ord5-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/405647168_25190288100569971_7...
Louise Lecavalier at a post-show Q&A at the Toronto Harbourfront Fleck Dance Theatre in November 2023.
See photograph at https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.LZigHE2ossZYjX-JASxKSwHaE8?w=272&h=181&c=7...
Louise Lecavalier in rehearsal with David Bowie in the late 1980s. Screengrab from YouTube.
I don't know how well known Lecavalier is internationally, but in the late 1980s she did several videos and live performances with David Bowie, some of which are collaged in this Heroes 3-Language Megamix. It includes her trademark 360° full-body barrel-roll jump which is seen repeated several times. show less
Review of the Echo Point Books & Media, LLC Kindle eBook (December 19, 2022) of the original English language hardcover (1927) of a 15th Century English language manuscript as translated by the anonymous N.M. from the French language original "Le miroir des âmes simples et anéanties : Et qui seulement demeurent en vouloir et désir d'Amour" (The Mirror of the Simple Souls Who Are Annihilated and Remain Only in Will and Desire of Love) (c. 1306).
Jesu, pray for us.show more
Sigh and
sorrow deeply:
Mourn and weep inwardly:
Pray and think devoutly:
Love and long continually.
Let me say right at the start here that the 2-star rating applies only to the original 1927 edition and any of its later reprints/reissues. That edition was prepared on the basis of the discovery of one of the 15th century English translation manuscripts found in the British Library in 1911. At that time, it was thought that the 14th Century French language original was lost and also that it was written by a man. It was not until 1946 that the writer was identified as Marguerite Porete (c. 13th Century - 1310). Porete had been condemned as a heretic by the Church and was burned at the stake in Paris in 1310 and her book was banned.
See print at https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De_baghine_Des_dodes_dantz_L...
A print of a Beguine mystic as Marguerite Porete is assumed to have been. Image sourced from the Wikipedia article on Porete (as linked above).
The 1927 edition provides some minimal notes although much of it will be confusing to a non-informed in Christian mysticism reader such as myself. The archaic English is confusing and often repetitive. The commentary by the 15th Century translator known only by the initials N.M. does not help at all, it is a sort of Ignotum per ignotius, where the explanation is even more confusing than the thing it is meant to explain.
I recommend getting any of the later translations which were made after the discovery of a copy of the original French language manuscript. For example, the description synopsis of the University of Notre Dame edition The Mirror of Simple Souls (1999) makes it sound quite authoritative.
Soundtrack, Trivia and Links
I read this edition of The Mirror of Simple Souls due to its being cheaply and easily available. I should have done more research before choosing it. I sought it out after coming home from a performance by Canadian modern dance icon Louise Lecavalier of her recent work Stations. Lecavalier discussed in the post-show Q&A how part of her dance work had been inspired by her reading of Marguerite Porete.
See photograph at https://scontent-ord5-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/405647168_25190288100569971_7...
Louise Lecavalier at a post-show Q&A at the Toronto Harbourfront Fleck Dance Theatre in November 2023.
See photograph at https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.LZigHE2ossZYjX-JASxKSwHaE8?w=272&h=181&c=7...
Louise Lecavalier in rehearsal with David Bowie in the late 1980s. Screengrab from YouTube.
I don't know how well known Lecavalier is internationally, but in the late 1980s she did several videos and live performances with David Bowie, some of which are collaged in this Heroes 3-Language Megamix. It includes her trademark 360° full-body barrel-roll jump which is seen repeated several times. show less
Le miroir des âmes simples et anéanties : Et qui seulement demeurent en vouloir et désir d'Amour by Marguerite Porete
> LE MIROIR DES ÂMES SIMPLES ET ANÉANTIES, de Marguerite Porete (Albin Michel, 2011). — Chef-d’oeuvre de la première littérature mystique de langue française, le Miroir des âmes simples et anéanties et qui seulement demeurent en vouloir et désir d’Amour révèle une richesse spirituelle qui place son auteur, Marguerite Porete, brûlée en 1310 à Paris, dans la lignée des saint Bernard, Maître Eckhart, ou Hadewijch d’Anvers. (Spiritualités Vivantes)
> Babelio : show more target="_top">https://www.babelio.com/livres/Porete-Le-miroir-des-ames-simples-et-aneanties/82...
> L'Homme en Question (No 31 – été 2011, p. 7) : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UsHr8wxya0SbKkproUdUrUoCTqUn1OgE/view?usp=shari...
> Séguy Jean. Berto. Le Miroir des âmes simples et anéanties, de Marguerite Porète. Une vie blessée d'amour.
In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°90, 1995. pp. 127-128. … ; (en ligne),
URL : https://www.persee.fr/doc/assr_0335-5985_1995_num_90_1_988_t1_0127_0000_5
> LE MIROIR DES ÂMES SIMPLES ET ANÉANTIES, de Marguerite Porete. — Les livres brûlés exercent souvent chez le lecteur un attrait irrésistible : quel message si puissant contenaient-ils pour que le pouvoir – séculier ou ecclésiastique – s’en soit senti menacé à ce point ? Le Miroir des âmes simples et anéanties, ou plus exactement le Mirouer des simples âmes anienties et qui seulement demeurent en vouloir et désir d’amour est l’un de ces livres dont les flammes du bûcher n’ont jamais pu vaincre l’intense ardeur spirituelle. Chef-d’œuvre de la première littérature mystique de langue française, il place son auteur, Marguerite Porete, brûlée vive par l’inquisition en 1310, dans la lignée de saint Jean de la Croix, Maître Eckhart ou Hadewijch d'Anvers. Dans ce manifeste du mouvement du Libre Esprit aux accents protoféministes, Marguerite Porete part du cœur de l’expérience religieuse la plus radicale – Dieu est Amour – pour poser les questions qui, de l’Évangile au rationalisme moderne, ont façonné l’âme occidentale : l’Amour vrai est-il soumis à autre chose qu’à lui-même ? Fût-ce à la morale, à la religion, à Dieu même ?
La force et l’audace de ces interrogations traversent les siècles à la rencontre de tous ceux qui, aujourd’hui comme hier, « fin Amour demandent ». Ceux-ci forment, à travers les siècles, une informelle communauté d’esprit qui se situe au-delà des distinctions entre clercs et laïcs, entre le cœur des institutions ecclésiastiques et ses marges : après tout, malgré l’acharnement tant des autorités inquisitoriales que royales – Marguerite Porete est envoyée au bûcher la même semaine que les premiers templiers –, ce sont bien des religieux qui, dans le secret de leur scriptorium, nous ont préservé ce délicat Miroir en le copiant et en le traduisant, permettant ainsi sa redécouverte au XXᵉ siècle. Les Éditions Albin Michel s’honorent de perpétuer cette tradition en donnant au plus grand nombre la possibilité de s’y mirer à leur tour…
*Le miroir des âmes simples et anéanties, par Marguerite Porete, Albin Michel, 270 pages, 8 €
—L’Homme en Question, (31), Été 2011, (p. 7) show less
> Babelio : show more target="_top">https://www.babelio.com/livres/Porete-Le-miroir-des-ames-simples-et-aneanties/82...
> L'Homme en Question (No 31 – été 2011, p. 7) : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UsHr8wxya0SbKkproUdUrUoCTqUn1OgE/view?usp=shari...
> Séguy Jean. Berto. Le Miroir des âmes simples et anéanties, de Marguerite Porète. Une vie blessée d'amour.
In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°90, 1995. pp. 127-128. … ; (en ligne),
URL : https://www.persee.fr/doc/assr_0335-5985_1995_num_90_1_988_t1_0127_0000_5
> LE MIROIR DES ÂMES SIMPLES ET ANÉANTIES, de Marguerite Porete. — Les livres brûlés exercent souvent chez le lecteur un attrait irrésistible : quel message si puissant contenaient-ils pour que le pouvoir – séculier ou ecclésiastique – s’en soit senti menacé à ce point ? Le Miroir des âmes simples et anéanties, ou plus exactement le Mirouer des simples âmes anienties et qui seulement demeurent en vouloir et désir d’amour est l’un de ces livres dont les flammes du bûcher n’ont jamais pu vaincre l’intense ardeur spirituelle. Chef-d’œuvre de la première littérature mystique de langue française, il place son auteur, Marguerite Porete, brûlée vive par l’inquisition en 1310, dans la lignée de saint Jean de la Croix, Maître Eckhart ou Hadewijch d'Anvers. Dans ce manifeste du mouvement du Libre Esprit aux accents protoféministes, Marguerite Porete part du cœur de l’expérience religieuse la plus radicale – Dieu est Amour – pour poser les questions qui, de l’Évangile au rationalisme moderne, ont façonné l’âme occidentale : l’Amour vrai est-il soumis à autre chose qu’à lui-même ? Fût-ce à la morale, à la religion, à Dieu même ?
La force et l’audace de ces interrogations traversent les siècles à la rencontre de tous ceux qui, aujourd’hui comme hier, « fin Amour demandent ». Ceux-ci forment, à travers les siècles, une informelle communauté d’esprit qui se situe au-delà des distinctions entre clercs et laïcs, entre le cœur des institutions ecclésiastiques et ses marges : après tout, malgré l’acharnement tant des autorités inquisitoriales que royales – Marguerite Porete est envoyée au bûcher la même semaine que les premiers templiers –, ce sont bien des religieux qui, dans le secret de leur scriptorium, nous ont préservé ce délicat Miroir en le copiant et en le traduisant, permettant ainsi sa redécouverte au XXᵉ siècle. Les Éditions Albin Michel s’honorent de perpétuer cette tradition en donnant au plus grand nombre la possibilité de s’y mirer à leur tour…
*Le miroir des âmes simples et anéanties, par Marguerite Porete, Albin Michel, 270 pages, 8 €
—L’Homme en Question, (31), Été 2011, (p. 7) show less
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