The Founders and Finance: How Hamilton, Gallatin, and Other Immigrants Forged a New Economy

by Thomas K. McCraw

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In 1776 the United States government started out on a shoestring and quickly went bankrupt fighting its War of Independence against Britain. At the war's end, the national government owed tremendous sums to foreign creditors and its own citizens. But lacking the power to tax, it had no means to repay them. The Founders and Finance is the first book to tell the story of how foreign-born financial specialists-immigrants-solved the fiscal crisis and set the United States on a path to long-term show more economic success. Pulitzer Prize-winning author Thomas K. McCraw analyzes the skills and worldliness of Alexander Hamilton (from the Danish Virgin Islands), Albert Gallatin (from the Republic of Geneva), and other immigrant founders who guided the nation to prosperity. Their expertise with liquid capital far exceeded that of native-born plantation owners Washington, Jefferson, and Madison, who well understood the management of land and slaves but had only a vague knowledge of financial instruments-currencies, stocks, and bonds. The very rootlessness of America's immigrant leaders gave them a better understanding of money, credit, and banks, and the way each could be made to serve the public good. The remarkable financial innovations designed by Hamilton, Gallatin, and other immigrants enabled the United States to control its debts, to pay for the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, and-barely-to fight the War of 1812, which preserved the nation's hard-won independence from Britain. show less

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A Tale of Two Bureaucrats: Joseph Nourse; Oliver Wolcott; Jr.; and the Forerunners of American Public Administration. White. Administration and Society. 2008 (1) Address. Emerson. Transactions of the Middlesex Agricultural Society. 1858 (1) Albert Gallatin (4) Albert Gallatin and the Oregon Problem. Merk (1) Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth. Knott (1) Compte rendu au roi. Necker (1) Erie Water West: A History of the Erie Canal; 1792-1854. Shaw (1) Federalists Reconsidered. Ben-Atar and Oberg (1) Henry Clay; Statesman for the Union. Remini (1) In Search of Joseph Nourse; 1754-1841: America's First Civil Servant. Fitzgerald (1) Internal Improvements Reconsidered. Goodrich. Journal of Economic History. 1970 (1) Money Doctors: The Experience of Financial Advising; 1850-2000. Flandreau (1) Ohio Canal Era: A Case Study of Government and the Economy; 1820-1861. Scheiber (1) Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America. White (1) Repatriation Reader: Who Owns Indian Remains? Mihesuah (1) Report on a Plan for the Further Support of Public Credit. Hamilton (1) Slavery and Economic Development. Wright (1) Sociology for the South; or; The Failure of Free Society. Fitzhugh (1) The American System: A Review Article. Lively. Business History Review. 1955 (1) The Business of Civil War: Military Mobilization and the State; 1861-1865. Wilson (1) The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson; Volume VII. Bosco and Wilson (1) The King of the Alley: William Duer--Politician; Entrepreneur; and Speculator; 1768-1799. Jones (1) The Market Revolution in America: Liberty; Ambition; and the Eclipse of the Common Good. Larson (1) The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America; 1815-1846. Sellers (1) The Military-Industrial Complex: A Historical Perspective. Koistenen (1) The War Industries Board: Business-Government Relations During World War I. Cuff (1) The Wealth of Nations Rediscovered: Expansion of American Financial Markets; 1780-1850. Wright (1) Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement. Mowry (1) Traité de ladministration des finances de la France. Necker (1) US Treasury (2)

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Member Reviews

4 reviews
Let's take a difficult subject to explain, a potential snoozer, and do so in a way to inform your readers of the central importance of the people and the institutions they created at the beginning of the United States in a lively and engaging manner. Exceptionally well written and a delight to read. If you succeed against the odds, you'll finish with this book. Excellent.
Basically a double-biography of Alexander Hamilton (America's first Treasury secretary) and Albert Gallatin (America's third Treasury secretary), with a focus on their financial policies. Hamilton, of course, is having a bit of a national moment. But Gallatin — the longest-serving Treasury secretary in U.S. history, and the principal economic adviser to both presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison — is much more obscure.

As someone who's read Ron Chernow's biography, there was little in the Hamilton section that was new. But it was well-done and concise.

The Gallatin section was more interesting, because I knew less about Gallatin.

But I felt the book didn't really transcend the sum of its parts. It did a good job highlighting show more Hamilton's and Galatin's similarities — their immigrant backgrounds, their support for banks and commerce (versus agriculture), their role as administrators and advisers to Virginian presidents. This is interesting stuff, especially McCraw's thesis that a shared immigrant background made the two men more open to commerce.

Where it fell short was in contrasting the two. As a brief section discussing Gallatin's tenure in Congress highlights, the Pennsylvanian had some big differences with Hamilton's financial system. But the chapters on Gallatin's service as Treasury secretary largely wave these away. Instead they focus on their similarities. Gallatin's preference for less regulation and a smaller debt than Hamilton are mentioned almost in passing. A sharper focus on the differences between their worldview would have not only been helpful new information but it would have also brought their similarities into sharper relief.
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A superb history and a great understanding of Hamilton and Gallatin and the early years of this country. I am most surprised that a Harvard Business School professor is so sympathetic to the needs of the common people. The footnotes are a joy to read. He even cites White's "It's Your Misfortune And None Of My Own" which is by far the best history of the American West that I have ever read.
Overview of how the US treasury was initially developed and how it evolved. Showed how the immigrants had a better grasp of finance than native born. Great overview of history and first several Sec. of Treasury

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Author Information

12 Works 581 Members
Thomas K. McCraw is Straus Professor of Business History Emeritus at the Harvard Business School. His book Prophets of Regulation (Harvard) was awarded the 1985 Pulitzer Prize in history.

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Genres
Economics, Nonfiction, History, Business, General Nonfiction, Politics and Government
DDC/MDS
330.973Society, government, & cultureEconomicsJobs & CareersEconomic geography and historyNorth AmericaUnited States
LCC
HJ261 .M37Social sciencesPublic financePublic financeBy region or country
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124
Popularity
263,757
Reviews
4
Rating
(4.00)
Languages
English
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Paper, Ebook
ISBNs
4
ASINs
1