The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar [short story]

by Edgar Allan Poe

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"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar", by Edgar Allan Poe, recounts the experimentation of hypnosis on Valdemar, on the verge of death, resulting in a prolonged suspension between life and death. After months, his accelerated decomposition occurs when he is awakened, culminating in a horrifying outcome.

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9 reviews
Poe knows how to draw the reader in. The opening paragraph tantalises with promise of “wonder” - an “extraordinary case” that “excited discussion”. The desire to “keep the affair from the public” adds complicity in a secret. Then, in a metafictional slant, because a sensationalist account has apparently done the rounds, he turns to “facts” and quasi-scientific phrasing. No wonder that when this was first published, under a pseudonym in 1845, many thought it described an actual experiment!

Mesmerism was a field of much excitement at the time: a slightly supernatural cousin of hypnotism. The narrator is a mesmerist, and not a medical doctor. He wants to see if mesmerism can be used at the point of death, to postpone, or show more even prevent the patient passing.

A friend with terminal tuberculosis is a willing subject, having previously been put to sleep by the narrator. When doctors say he will not live beyond tomorrow midnight (a nice mythic touch), the narrator rushes to him. He’s anxious to ensure “reliable witnesses” to his experiment: maybe he’ll achieve a degree of immortality, even if M Valdemar might not.

Image: Pen sketch, “La verité sur le cas de M Valdemar” by Alberto Martini (Source)

What happens next is described in vivid, visceral terms: the failing body of a man dying of TB is not for the squeamish (Poe’s young wife had had it for four years). Of course, that’s the least of it. It’s a dark psychological horror of life, quality of life, death, and fate.

Short story club

I read this in Black Water: The Anthology of Fantastic Literature, by Alberto Manguel, from which I’m reading one story a week with The Short Story Club, starting 4 September 2023.

You can read this story here.

You can join the group here.
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Relido em 2022 — 3.5*

Comentário breve: talvez esse tenha sido o conto do Poe com a temática e mote mais interessante que li: um hipnotista, que tem por objetivo, mesmerizar um homem que está prestes a morrer, e sanar sua curiosidade acerca das consequências e efeitos que essa hipnose…? esse animal magnetism…? teria em um momento delicado como o expirar da vida.

O que mais quer, nosso protagonista, é sobretudo descobrir "em que medida, ou por qual duração de tempo, os avanços da Morte podiam ser detidos (por esse) processo."

Encadeia-se aí, uma sequência interessantíssima, mórbida, misteriosa, muito bem escrita, que por vezes soa quase como um exemplo de como "descrever (BEM!) o indescritível".
Ao contrário, por show more exemplo, das descrições densas e exageradas do Lovecraft (que eu gosto, mas, com ressalvas), o Poe aqui é límpido, e não apenas pela cientificidade com que reveste o conto, pois não evita pesar a mão nas descrições do estado do paciente; ele é límpido, no sentido de que, cria uma atmosfera naturalmente, a partir do tema inicial; sem recorrer à adjetivos ou à um horror demasiadamente sugestivo.

O Poe, aqui, é sucinto e quase tão mesmerizador quanto o narrador-protagonista. A narrativa, porém, não é tão bem bolada feito alguns outros de seus contos que tive o prazer de ler (Berenice, William Wilson e Barril de Amontilado permanecem meus favoritos). O desenvolvimento é muito bom, talvez a melhor parte do conto, mas o desfecho é estranhamento decepcionante, no sentido de que: o que o Poe viu como climax, conclusão, é uma cena que suscita lá algumas coisas, é imagem interessante, mas fraca. É um conto no geral, competente, acima da média.

Há, no entanto, alguns problemas. Por alto, as perguntas feitas pelo protagonista, o médico e os assistentes, ao moribundo-mesmerizado são rasas e improváveis dada a situação que se encontram; o relato é escrito como uma "desmentira" de outros relatos exagerados que andam correndo sobre esse evento, a pergunta que fica é, como pode ter sido MAIS exagerado que o que vemos transcorrer através do próprio participante?; (esse aqui eu assumo, pode ser falta de imaginação minha), mas é extremamente difícil seguir o texto e formar as cenas e imagens de quando o moribundo-morto começa a falar, a construção é estranha (como deve de fato ser), mas a ponto de atrapalhar um pouco a imersão; e por fim, o último e para mim o maior problema do conto como conto ficcional: a tentativa do Poe em dar uma verossimilhança não Aristotélica-Poética, mas sim uma verossimilhança de “Relato-Factual".

Como disse antes, a história é contada por um narrador-protagonista, que censura tanto seu nome quanto dos outros participantes; segue-se assim até o fim, e não há problemas quanto à forma. No entanto, quando a história aproxima-se do clímax, há uma intromissão, realizada para manter esse caráter "realista" da narrativa, que interrompe abruptamente o fluxo narrativo — logo em uma das melhores partes, onde o clima soturno está em ascensão, e você já está imerso no conto. Ao meu ver, é uma inserção totalmente desnecessária: O narrador-personagem fala de "choque", de "incredulidade" e até de "narrativa"; não deixando que a coisa flua e aconteça por si só, ou que o choque e a incredulidade também façam-se por si; purgando toda aquela limpidez elogiável do inicio do desenvolvimento que citei antes.

Na minha opinião, não precisava disso. Bastava que, no início, o Poe fizesse as suas artimanhas e peripécias (li, por alto, que esse conto foi lido na época como um evento que realmente aconteceu), e seguisse, a partir da abertura, a forma de um conto ficcional normal. O próprio Laclos, nas Liaisons Dangeresues que li recentemente, faz o mesmo ao suscitar a dúvida de que seu romance são cartas encontradas, e mesmo num romance de quinhentas páginas, não há NENHUMA intromissão problemática desse tipo, que quebre o fluxo narrativo, o que ocorre aqui, nesse conto BEM mais curto.

Enfim, é claro, não é isso o que se sobressaí nessa história, é apenas o ponto que me incomodou. De resto, é um bom conto, não dos melhores do autor, mas um bom conto.
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I'm just not feeling Poe as much as I did as a kid . . .
Being not yet dead, not quite mesmerized, when read; just following along when the narrator led us on with the dismembered ends at hand; had another thought on the tip of my tongue, but it’s gone now . . . Aah here we go full tongue in cheek
Written in the spirit of mind over body temporal when, with moribund-realized inception, a cadaverous being, whilst being freed in short order from both the chains of corporal carnage en masse and from ethereally expectant agonies, leaves us all in limbic limbo, pending an impending implosive terminus
The weirdest narrated de facto concept suggests one having to be not under the sway of the unconscious in order to duly die:
Makes short shift of show more it’s better to die in your sleep – transposing to It’s better to sleep in your death, guess that ties in with the very short story read with the Short Story Group - Virgilio Piñera's Insomnia show less
"¡Por amor de Dios... pronto... pronto... hágame dormir... o despiérteme... pronto... despiérteme! ¡Le digo que estoy muerto!"

Este cuento es distinto de otros de Poe, la historia es muy interesante pero le falta ese je ne sais quoi que hace que nos adentremos en ella, aunque las últimas líneas del final excelentes.
I read this story as one of those included in Goodreads’ Short Story Club.

It was published in 1845 and the language is thus somewhat obsolete.

I found it comprehensible except for some words/phrases whose meaning I had to find on the net.

For example, I found that in articulo mortis means at the point of death.

The person telling the story, P, was interested in “mesmerism”, which we would now call “hypnotism”, and in whether this could delay death in a dying patient.

He found someone in which to test this, his friend, M. Ernest Valdemar, whose health was poor.

Valdemar’s physicians had declared him to be in a confirmed state of “phthisis”, which I found on the net to be “pulmonary tuberculosis or a similar wasting show more disease”.

Valdemar was interested in being made a subject of this hypnosis experiment. He agreed to contact P about 24 hours before his decease, as determined by his doctors.

When P came, he found Valdemar to be extremely emaciated, with a barely perceptible pulse.

The two doctors state that V’s lungs are in a semi-osseous state. They are of the view that he will be dead the next day.

A male and female nurse were present but P does not feel that these will be reliable witnesses so postpones operations until about eight the next night when a medical student he knows will arrive. (Did the nurses have too low an education?)

P commences to make “the passes” which he had found were effective in subduing the patient.

At ten the two doctors arrive as agreed and say the patient is already in the “death agony”.

His breathing is stertorous, i.e. noisy and laboured. After 15 minutes, the stertorous breathing ceases. His extremities are “of an icy coldness”.

He is now in a state of “sleep-waking”, the meaning of which I cannot discover.

V is then declared to be in an “unusually perfect” state of hypnotic trance.

At three in the mornng his limbs are rigid and as cold as marble but he certainly does not appear to be dead.

P asks V if he is asleep. He answers “Yes, still asleep – dying"

V’s tongue is swollen and blackened. He has a hideous appearance.

V’s voice is “harsh, broken and hollow”. “No similar sounds have ever jarred upon the ear of humanity.” His voice seemed to reach their ears from a vast distance, or “some deep cavern within the earth”.

V says “I have been sleeping and now I am dead.” The student fainted and the nurses left the room and refused to return.

He no longer seemed to be breathing. Blood could not be drawn from his arm.

Other nurses were procured and the rest of them left.’It was evident that death had been arrested by the hypnotic process.

For seven months in all they continued to make daily calls at V’s house.

He remained in the same condition.

It is not mentioned whether in the course of this period V received wate, which one would think should have been necessary for his continued survival.

They decided to attempt to awaken him.

P inquires of V what his feelings or wishes are.

He replies “Quick, quick, put me to sleep or quick, waken me! I say to you that I am dead.”

P now makes the hypnotic passes to awaken V.

I will not reveal the ending.
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Ein geheimnisvoller Schlafwandler weist Poe und Leonie den Weg zu Dr. Templeton. Plötzlich ist Leonie verschwunden. Poe macht sich auf die Suche. Was er findet, wird für ihn zum Alptraum

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3,817+ Works 107,754 Members
Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. In 1827, he enlisted in the United States Army and his first collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems, was published. In 1835, he became the editor of the Southern Literary Messenger. Over the next ten years, Poe would edit a number of literary journals including the show more Burton's Gentleman's Magazine and Graham's Magazine in Philadelphia and the Broadway Journal in New York City. It was during these years that he established himself as a poet, a short story writer, and an editor. His works include The Fall of the House of Usher, The Tell-Tale Heart, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Mystery of Marie Roget, A Descent into the Maelstrom, The Masque of the Red Death, and The Raven. He struggle with depression and alcoholism his entire life and died on October 7, 1849 at the age of 40. (Bowker Author Biography) show less

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Rathbone, Basil (Narrator)

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Common Knowledge

Canonical title
The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar [short story]
Original title
The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar
Alternate titles
The Facts of M. Valdemar's Case [short fiction]; Mesmerism [short fiction]; Startling Effects of Mesmerism on a Dying Man [short fiction]; The Case of M. Valdemar [short fiction]; The Strange Case of M. Valdemar [short fiction]; Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar [short fiction]
Original publication date
1845-12
People/Characters
Ernest Valdemar
Important places
Harlem, New York, New York, USA
First words*
In den letzten drei Jahren beschäftigte ich mich lebhaft mit dem Studium des Magnetismus.
Last words*
(Click to show. Warning: May contain spoilers.)Und auf dem Bette, vor den Augen der Anwesenden, lag eine fast flüssige, in ekelhafte Fäulnis übergegangene Masse.
Original language*
Englisch
*Some information comes from Common Knowledge in other languages. Click "Edit" for more information.

Classifications

Genres
Fiction and Literature, General Fiction, Horror
DDC/MDS
813.3Literature & rhetoricAmerican literature in EnglishAmerican fiction in EnglishMiddle 19th Century 1830-1861
LCC
PS2602Language and LiteratureAmerican literatureAmerican literatureIndividual authors19th century
BISAC

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ISBNs
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ASINs
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