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Of God and Gods: Egypt, Israel, and the Rise of Monotheism (George L. Mosse Series)

by Jan Assmann

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For thousands of years, our world has been shaped by biblical monotheism. But its hallmark - a distinction between one true God and many false gods - was once a new and radical idea. ""Of God and Gods"" explores the revolutionary newness of biblical theology against a background of the polytheism that was once so commonplace.Jan Assmann, one of the most distinguished scholars of ancient Egypt working today, traces the concept of a true religion back to its earliest beginnings in Egypt and describes how this new idea took shape in the context of the older polytheistic world that it rejected. He offers readers a deepened understanding of Egyptian polytheism and elaborates on his concept of the ""Mosaic distinction,"" which conceives an exclusive and emphatic Truth that sets religion apart from beliefs shunned as superstition, paganism, or heresy.Without a theory of polytheism, Assmann contends, any adequate understanding of monotheism is impossible. This work will be of great interest to anyone seeking to understand the relationship between God and gods.… (more)
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Meer een verzameling essays over de oorsprong van het monotheïsme dan een monografie. Assmann behandelt dezelfde thema's als in From Akhenaten to Moses (https://www.librarything.com/work/15676377), maar benadert ze minder vanuit de figuren van Echnaton en Mozes. En passant vat hij nog even zijn magistrale The Mind of Egypt samen. Het hoofdstuk over de veranderende positie van de god Seth in het Egyptische pantheon past niet helemaal in het thema, maar is wel boeiend.

Alleen zijn conclusie stelt teleur. Hij zwakt zijn stelling over het Mozaïsche onderscheid af om de godsdienstwetenschappers ter wille te zijn. Assmann stelt dat het eigen is aan monotheïstische godsdiensten dat zij niet alleen het onderscheid maken tussen goed en kwaad, maar ook tussen waar en vals. Dat verklaart meteen waarom deze religies potentieel gewelddadig zijn. Godsdienstwetenschappers argumenteren dat het verschil tussen 'waar' en 'vals' tot het domein van de filosofie behoort, niet tot dat van de religie. Waarom Assmann zo snel toegeeft aan deze kritiek, is onduidelijk. Ook zijn stelling over een 'diepe religie' die gemeenschappelijk zou zijn aan alle monotheïstische godsdiensten, overtuigt niet helemaal.

Maar dat alles komt dus maar aan het einde van een beknopt werk met interessante inzichten over het ontstaan van het monotheïsme. ( )
  brver | Feb 9, 2020 |
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For thousands of years, our world has been shaped by biblical monotheism. But its hallmark - a distinction between one true God and many false gods - was once a new and radical idea. ""Of God and Gods"" explores the revolutionary newness of biblical theology against a background of the polytheism that was once so commonplace.Jan Assmann, one of the most distinguished scholars of ancient Egypt working today, traces the concept of a true religion back to its earliest beginnings in Egypt and describes how this new idea took shape in the context of the older polytheistic world that it rejected. He offers readers a deepened understanding of Egyptian polytheism and elaborates on his concept of the ""Mosaic distinction,"" which conceives an exclusive and emphatic Truth that sets religion apart from beliefs shunned as superstition, paganism, or heresy.Without a theory of polytheism, Assmann contends, any adequate understanding of monotheism is impossible. This work will be of great interest to anyone seeking to understand the relationship between God and gods.

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