Adin Steinsaltz (1937–2020)

I'm not going to give stars to the talmud, because that would be weird. What I will say is that I switched to the Koren Noe edition for Daf Yomi about a dozen dapim in and I'm glad I did -- the commentary provides a lot of necessary context. R'Steinsaltz' (z''l) translations are thoughtful and extremely helpful. I did read this primarily in the aramaic, and although my language skills mostly held up the original text is elliptic and full of unclear allusions, and I was very grateful for the show more side-by-side translation. show less

Detailed explanation of what the Talmud is and a summary of its teachings. Reading this, one can see why there are so many Jewish scholars, scientists, virtuoso musicians, and so on. All of those things take a lot of intense study, and the study of the Talmud is perhaps the exemplar of such study. After all, it is not just a commentary itself, but there are commentaries on the commentaries (and probably commentaries on the commentaries on the commentaries!) Now, you can also say that arguing show more for centuries over things that seem so inconsequential is also a great waste of time. And of course, given that the underlying text--the Torah, i.e., the first 5 books of the Jewish Bible--are full of stories about less than honorable people--and I don't just mean NON-Jews--I can also ask, "What's the point? How can anyone believe in any of this?" But, if I were Jewish, the opportunity to spend my life, supported by the state, endlessly re-reading and trying to find new interpretations of the Talmud, would not be an unattractive prospect. But, this book is well organized, clearly written, and though a bit dense at times, actually enjoyable. Well done job of making a bit of a mystery--for a non-Jew in any case--a bit clearer. show less

[I posted this at http://530nm330hz.livejournal.com/437268.html a few weeks ago]

I got a sneak peek at the new Koren/Steinsaltz English Talmud Bavli this week. Regular readers of my blog know that I admire both Rabbi Steinsaltz and Koren Publications greatly. I am very pleased to report that this project blew me away, exceeding my expectations. Although I'm sure acquiring the entire set won't come inexpensively, I will find some way to afford to buy these as they come out. They're that show more amazing. [Disclaimer: Although Koren has been sending me review copies of some of their books, this review is based on a copy that I borrowed for a few days from my rabbi.]

Some background, for those who have not tried learning Talmud in English before.

Until now, the student of Talmud who needed English help had, realistically, two sources. First was the Soncino translation, done nearly a century ago. It's dry, academic, and literal. It doesn't give you any extra help understanding the text. Second, over the last two decades, Artscroll/Mesorah has published the Schottenstein edition, which goes too far in the other direction. Overwhelming the reader with help, it's extremely useful for beginners but its extensive mix of discursions can get in the way and bog the reader down.

Meanwhile, Rabbi Steinsaltz has spent the past forty years creating a rendition of the Talmud into modern Hebrew. Part translation, part explication, he interpolates just enough background and explanatory material to fill in the gaps, without handholding the reader all the way. His marginalia are masterful: some summarize the practical halacha, some explain the archaeological or biological realia, some provide capsule biographies of personalities mentioned in the Talmud. His vowelization of the main Gemara text imposes grammatical rigor on what, for most readers, is usually an incoherent hodge-podge of Hebrew, Aramaic, Yiddish, and Yeshivish. I think it's fair to say that for the Hebrew reader, Rabbi Steinsaltz has truly revolutionized what it means to learn Gemara; he has done for our generation what Rashi did for his.

The English reader was teased when Random House tried to publish an English version of Rabbi Steinsaltz's work. What they produced was not very usable, though: they were great coffee-table books, but too confusing to use as a study tool, and each tractate required so many English volumes in their edition that it was too expensive. They never finished.

So now Koren has started publishing a new English translation of Rabbi Steinsaltz's rendition. (Yes, it's entirely new; this is not related to the Random House edition at all.) And they have scored on all counts.

The basic format of the book is as follows: If you open it from the Hebrew side, you get a recreation of the Vilna pages, only the main text and Rashi are provided with vowels and punctuation. If you start from the English side, you get a running translation.

The English pages have been designed brilliantly by Raphaël Freeman. As a software developer, I am tempted to use the phrase "information architecture" to describe what has been accomplished here. The main body of the page is a two-column layout, with paragraphs of Hebrew/Aramaic text (from the Gemara, without any interpolations) set next to their English renditions, which are translations of Rabbi Steinsaltz's modern Hebrew rendition. As has become conventional, bold type indicates the translation, while regular-weight type indicates the interpolations. The translation is top-notch, eminently readable, it is not at all stilted or unnatural. (And for those of us who believe that women should not be excluded from their equal inheritance in Torah study, the presence of women on the translation team should be noted.)

Surrounding the main text block are translations of Rabbi Steinsaltz's notes, with headings, as in the original, indicating what each one is. Now here's one of the brilliant touches: in the main text block, superscript sans-serif letters look like footnote indicators, but simply refer you to which section of marginalia to examine. Each note starts with the text it references in bold, in Hebrew and in English, so it's very easy to find the note you're looking for --- and to go back to the main text when you're done. Had they used numbered footnotes, it would have been far more confusing; one thing that has always annoyed me about Artscroll's footnotes, for example, is that you never know whether it's worth interrupting your reading to follow the number. Are they just going to give you a cross-reference, or are they going to explain some concept in depth? Well, with this system, your eyes can easily gloss over notes that you don't want to follow right now, while easily navigating the page when you do.

The mechanics of this cross-referencing system are never explained. They don't need to be. The design is so clear that its use is intuitively obvious, making the complexity of the interrelated texts easily navigable.

The hand-drawn diagrams and fuzzy reproductions of photographs from the original Hebrew have been beautifully updated with full-color versions. I'll let these photos speak for themselves:

[On my blog, I included photos of the old Hebrew and new English editions side-by-side]

It's tempting to compare these with the DK children's books, and I mean that as a compliment. The photos are clear, eye-catching, relevant, and enhance both the aesthetic experience and the learning. (Just last week, in a class at our synagogue, we were trying to understand the size relationship between unripe grapes, ripe grapes, and white beans. Photos such as these would have made that conversation easier and more rewarding.)

I do wish for one impractical change. As wonderful as Rabbi Steinsaltz's explication is, I have sometimes found myself in the Hebrew looking at the Rashi on a difficult section. In the Koren English edition, I'll need to use the cross-references at the bottoms of the pages to flip to the Hebrew section to do that. I realize this was necessary to keep the page count manageable, but I anticipate that being an occasional frustration.

My understanding is that Koren Publishers plans to release the entire set over the course of the next four years, faster than the Daf Yomi schedule. I wish them the financial success they deserve; this edition merits to become the new standard for English-language Talmud study. show less

As the pandemic picked up, I switched over to almost entirely English reading for daf yomi, and the Noe edition held up to this as well. Rarely did I feel like I was missing something crucial (for wordplay and mnemonic devices the shoreshim are including in the English translation as well.) I wish this volume had more information about the personalities -- the superscript P's don't continue on very much for Rabbis discussed in Berakhot and I would have found it helpful to continue to have show more annotations about who they were. (Aslo, Shabbat is a profoundly dense tractate, often very foreign to the modern reader...or perhaps it's just me who no longer treats jaundice by shaving donkeys, bloodletting them from their head and then anointing patients with the resulting blood. Good thing -- you have to really be careful doing that because if the blood gets in the patient’s eyes it blinds them. And also it's controversial whether you can do that on Shabbat) show less