Islands

This one has a specific island - or the word "island(s)" - in the title:

The Ghosts of Nantucket by Blue Balliett
Hokkaido Highway Blues by Will Ferguson
Viva Mallorca! by Peter Kerr
Islands: a collection of short stories by David Rees
My World of Islands by Leslie Thomas

Cradle of Flavor: Home Cooking from the Spice Islands of Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia by James Oseland
The Tale of the Unknown Island by Jose Saramago
Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson
The Island of Dr. Moreau by H G Wells
Islands in the Stream by Ernest Hemingway

This is a tough one ...

The island of the day before by Umberto Eco

Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling

Manhattan Transfer by John Dos Passos

The Happy Island by Dawn Powell

Pages from a Cold Island by Frederick Exley

The Odyssey, by Homer
Best Nightmare on Earth: a Life in Haiti, by Herbert Gold
Honolulu : Sketches of Life in the Hawaiian Islands from 1828 to 1861, by Laura Fish Judd
Noa Noa : the Tahitian Journal, by Paul Gauguin
The Discoveries in Crete and Their Bearing on the History of Ancient Civilization, by Ronald Burrows

Aku-Aku: The Secret of Easter Island by Thor Heyerdahl

Pitcairn's Island by Nordhoff & Hall

The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped America by Russell Shorto

Roanoke Island: The Beginnings of English America by David Stick

Guide to Santorini by John S. Bowman

Island by Aldous Huxley
Island by Richard Laymon
Island by Thomas Perry
Island by Jane Rogers
The Island by Victoria Hislop

These books all had island settings as a significant part of the story, even though the entire story was not based on the island:

The Life of Pi Actually, I didn't like the part on the island -- I thought it dragged on too long.

The Phantom Tollbooth Where "Conclusions" is an island that you get to by jumping; once there, it is difficult to get back.

The Raw Shark Texts where real and imaginary islands are key to the plot

Skinny Dip which is hilarious with or without the island

Monkey Beach

Island in the Sea of Time by S.M. Stirling
Lord of the Isles by David Drake
Dolphin Island by Arthur C. Clarke
The Island of Dr. Moreau by H.G. Wells
The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne

All books I've read (can you see my bias towards SF?) although I only own two at the moment

Pawleys' Island by Dorothea Benton Frank
Island by Anne Rivers Siddons
Sullivan's Island by Dorothea Benton Frank

Island Magic by Elizabeth Goudge
Nightbirds on Nantucket by Joan Aiken
Hawaii by James Michener
The Gulag Archipelago by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Krakatoa by Rupert Furneaux

The Island of Doctor Death and Other Stories and Other Stories by Gene Wolfe
Island of the Blue Dolphins by O'Dell
Notes from a Small Island by Bill Bryson
Key Largo by Maxwell Anderson
Jamaica Inn by DuMaurier

Noa Noa: The Tahitian Journal of Paul Gauguin
The Island of Lost Maps
The Islands and the Sea
Why Greenland is an Island
The Island: Three Tales

The Island of Crimea by Vasily Aksyonov - The Island of Mending Hearts by Tim Ashley - Passion Bay (The Moon Island Series, No. 1) by Jennifer Fulton - Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Heredity Deafness on Martha's Vineyard by Nora Ellen Groce - Lonely Planet Micronations by John Ryan

Muddling Through In Madagascar - Dervla Murphy
England, England - Julian Barnes
A House In Sicily - Daphne Phelps
In Tasmania - Nicholas Shakespeare
This Cold Heaven: Seven Seasons In Greenland - Gretel Ehrlich

Isle Of Dogs - Patricia Cornwell
Manhattan When I Was Young - Mary Cantwell
Midnight In Sicily - Peter Robb
Kalimantaan - C.S. Godshalk
Into The Heart Of Borneo - Redmond O'Hanlon

Islands - Dan Sleigh
In The South Seas - Robert Louis Stevenson
The Greek Islands - Lawrence Durrell
The Island Of Adventure - Enid Blyton
Bitter Lemons (re Cyprus) - Lawrence Durrell

Small Island by Andrea Levy
Anne of the Island by L.M. Montgomery
Down Under by Bill Bryson
Islands in the Stream by Ernest Hemingway
Dave Barry does Japan by Dave Barry

No Man Is An Island - Thomas Merton
The Angry Island: Hunting The English - A.A. Gill
The Greenlanders - Jane Smiley
Touch The Happy Isles - Quentin Crewe
Sea And Sardinia - D.H. Lawrence

Australia, the greatest island by Robert Raymond
Plum Island by Nelson DeMille
Discovering Lord Howe Island by Jean Edgecombe
Bear Island by Alistair MacLean
Holiday Island by Clay Lancaster

Island of the Blue Dolphins by Scott O'Dell
Five on a Treasure Island by Enid Blyton
Swiss Family Robinson by Johann Wyss
Whisky Galore by Compton Mackenzie
Lord of the Flies by William Golding

(sorry about that deleted post; I'm still learning my way around this thing)