The Faces of Injustice

by Judith N. Shklar

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How can we distinguish between injustice and misfortune? What can we learn from the victims of calamity about the sense of injustice they harbor? In this book a distinguished political theorist ponders these and other questions and formulates a new political and moral theory of injustice that encompasses not only deliberate acts of cruelty or unfairness but also indifference to such acts. Judith N. Shklar draws on the writings of Plato, Augustine, and Montaigne, three skeptics who gave the show more theory of injustice its main structure and intellectual force, as well as on political theory, history, social psychology, and literature from sources as diverse as Rosseau, Dickens, Hardy, and E. L. Doctorow. Shklar argues that we cannot set rigid rules to distinguish instances of misfortune from injustice, as most theories of justice would have us do, for such definitions would not take into account historical variability and differences in perception and interest between the victims and spectators. From the victim's point of view-whether it be one who suffered in an earthquake or as a result of social discrimination-the full definition of injustice must include not only the immediate cause of disaster but also our refusal to prevent and then to mitigate the damage, or what Shklar calls passive injustice. With this broader definition comes a call for greater responsibility from both citizens and public servants. When we attempt to make political decisions about what to do in specific instances of injustice, says Shklar, we must give the victim's voice its full weight. This is in keeping with the best impulses of democracy and is our only alternative to a complacency that is bound to favor the unjust. show less

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3 reviews
In three lectures given at Yale in 1988, Shklar breaks down what we mean by the concept of injustice — which is a lot broader than just “the opposite of justice” — looks at the complicated relationship between injustice and misfortune, and looks at the importance of a sense of injustice as a political instrument in shaping the societies we live in.

She argues — in prose that is almost scarily clear and accessible to non-philosophers — that instead of getting hung up on what makes the perpetrators of injustice interesting (tyrants, criminals, abusers of public office and those of us who aren’t prepared to stand up and do our duty as citizens), we need to focus on the experience of those who experience injustice, whether as show more victims or as concerned fellow citizens. Listening to those who feel they have a grievance needs to be a key part of democratic decision making. In a world where there is inequality, judges or political leaders can never entirely avoid disappointing the expectations of some people when they do something (or fail to do something), but at least they can try to respect the rights of all parties to be heard, and the voice of the weak should count for more than the voice of the strong (although it won’t, of course). show less
Shklar's writing is enlightening and profound, but was often difficult to read and understand. The material itself, however, is gold. Her exploration of misfortune and injustice are deep and enlightening.

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Canonical title
The Faces of Injustice
Original title
The Faces of Injustice

Classifications

Genres
Politics and Government, Nonfiction, Philosophy, General Nonfiction
DDC/MDS
340.11Society, government, & cultureLawLawTheoryParticular Topics
LCC
JC578 .S47Political SciencePolitical theoryPolitical theory. The state. Theories of the statePurpose, functions, and relations of the state
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88
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362,734
Reviews
3
Rating
½ (3.33)
Languages
English, German, Italian, Spanish
Media
Paper, Ebook
ISBNs
9