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Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)

Author of Summa Theologiae

2,198+ Works 27,699 Members 121 Reviews 49 Favorited

About the Author

Thomas Aquinas, the most noted philosopher of the Middle Ages, was born near Naples, Italy, to the Count of Aquino and Theodora of Naples. As a young man he determined, in spite of family opposition to enter the new Order of Saint Dominic. He did so in 1244. Thomas Aquinas was a fairly radical show more Aristotelian. He rejected any form of special illumination from God in ordinary intellectual knowledge. He stated that the soul is the form of the body, the body having no form independent of that provided by the soul itself. He held that the intellect was sufficient to abstract the form of a natural object from its sensory representations and thus the intellect was sufficient in itself for natural knowledge without God's special illumination. He rejected the Averroist notion that natural reason might lead individuals correctly to conclusions that would turn out false when one takes revealed doctrine into account. Aquinas wrote more than sixty important works. The Summa Theologica is considered his greatest work. It is the doctrinal foundation for all teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. show less

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Series

Works by Thomas Aquinas

Summa Theologiae (1265) 1,531 copies, 9 reviews
Introduction to Saint Thomas Aquinas (1948) 1,338 copies, 4 reviews
Summa of the Summa (1990) 814 copies, 3 reviews
Treatise on Law (1988) 618 copies, 2 reviews
Summa Contra Gentiles, Book 1 (1975) 504 copies, 2 reviews
The Pocket Aquinas (1960) 475 copies, 3 reviews
On Law, Morality, and Politics (1988) 459 copies, 2 reviews
Summa Contra Gentiles (1975) 443 copies, 2 reviews
Summa Theologiae: A Concise Translation (1989) 406 copies, 1 review
Britannica Great Books: Aquinas II (1978) — Author — 406 copies
Aquinas on Nature and Grace (1954) 376 copies, 1 review
Treatise On the Virtues (1992) 290 copies, 1 review
Summa Contra Gentiles, Book 3, Part 1 (1975) 282 copies, 1 review
Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas Volume 1 (1265) 248 copies, 1 review
Treatise on Happiness (1983) 192 copies
Catena Aurea (4 Volumes) (1997) 182 copies
On Evil (1995) 175 copies
On Kingship to the King of Cyprus (1274) 162 copies, 1 review
Compendium of Theology (1980) 146 copies, 1 review
Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics (1200) 115 copies, 2 reviews
On Human Nature (1999) 113 copies, 1 review
Philosophical texts (1982) 101 copies
On Faith and Reason (Aquinas) (1999) 91 copies, 1 review
Truth (1986) 83 copies
Selected Writings (2004) 75 copies
Britannica Great Books: Aquinas I and II (1952) — Author — 74 copies, 1 review
Meditations For Lent (1974) 64 copies, 1 review
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1982) 58 copies, 1 review
Commentary on Aristotle's Politics (2007) 53 copies, 1 review
Of God and His Creatures (2006) 51 copies
Thomas Aquinas (2000) 36 copies
Aquinas: Basic Works (The Hackett Aquinas) (2014) 33 copies, 1 review
Quaestiones Disputatae (2009) 28 copies
On the Power of God (2004) 28 copies
On Spiritual Creatures (1269) 28 copies
Opera Omnia Tomus XIX (1949) 25 copies
The Blessed Sacrament and the Mass (2005) 24 copies, 1 review
Commentary on Isaiah (2021) 19 copies
Santo Tomás de Aquino (1996) 19 copies
Quaestiones quodlibetales (2003) 18 copies
The disputed questions on truth (1992) 17 copies, 1 review
Suma teológica 16 copies
Suma Teologica - Volume 6 (2005) 16 copies
Treatise on God (1965) 15 copies
The Soul (2015) 15 copies
Commenti a Boezio (1997) — Author — 14 copies
Suma teologica : seleccion (1985) 14 copies, 1 review
Gott und Schfung (1985) 13 copies
Aquinas Scripture series (1969) 11 copies
Credo, O (2013) 9 copies
Exposição Sobre o Credo (2010) 9 copies
Over de Tien Geboden (1970) 9 copies
Seleção de textos (2004) 9 copies
Opuscula theologica (1954) 9 copies
Suma teológica IV (2010) 9 copies
VIRTUDES MORAIS , AS 9 copies, 1 review
Opuscula omnia 9 copies
Commentary on the Psalms (2013) 8 copies
Wat maakt gelukkig? (2021) 7 copies
Le questioni disputate: 3 (1993) 7 copies
Human Constitution (1997) 7 copies
Escritos de catequesis (1901) 7 copies
Summa Theologica (1887) 7 copies
Über den Lehrer (1988) 7 copies
De Ente et Essentia 7 copies, 1 review
Antología metafísica (1991) 6 copies
Opuscoli politici (1997) 6 copies
On Charity: De Caritate (1960) 6 copies
SUMA DE TEOLOGIA. I. (2006) 6 copies
Ente e a Essencia, O (2000) 6 copies
O Ente e a Essência (2001) 5 copies
Suma Teológica V (2010) 5 copies
Le questioni disputate: 1 (1992) 5 copies
Vizi capitali (1996) 5 copies
De regimine principum (2010) 5 copies
Le questioni disputate: 2 (1992) 5 copies
God and Creation (2005) 5 copies
La somma teologica: 4 (1996) 5 copies
O Poder de Deus (2014) 4 copies
Opuscula Philosophica (1954) 4 copies
O pravdě ; O mysli (2003) 4 copies
De magistro (2003) 4 copies
Enkelit ja filosofia (2021) 4 copies
Država (1990) 4 copies
La somma teologica vol. 1 (1996) 4 copies
La somma teologica vol. 6 (1997) 4 copies
La somma teologica: 5 (1997) 4 copies
Fe, A (2016) 3 copies
Il male e la libertà (2005) 3 copies, 1 review
Doctrina teológica 3 copies, 1 review
Suma de teologia; tomo 2 (1989) 3 copies
El ente y la esencia (2002) 3 copies
Os Sete Pecados Capitais (2009) 3 copies
Voice From Assisi (2012) 3 copies
Virtue: Way to Happiness (2005) 3 copies
Os Dez Mandamentos (2014) 3 copies
Glaube, Liebe, Hoffnung (2007) 3 copies
Otázky o duši (2009) 3 copies
Selected Writings (1995) 3 copies
Pagine di filosofia (1988) 2 copies
Thomas Aquinas on Seeing God (2020) — Author — 2 copies
DE VERITATE (1996) 2 copies
Dieu 2 copies
Summa Theologica Part III (1922) 2 copies
Opuscoli filosofici 2 copies, 1 review
Summa Theologiae Vol. 8 (1967) 2 copies
O dobru (2012) 2 copies
Summa Theologica - Part I (2017) 2 copies
The Problem Of Evil (2005) 2 copies
San Tommaso 2 copies
Les raisons de la foi (1999) 2 copies
Textes sur la morale (2000) 2 copies
Sobre a Realeza de Cristo (1271) 2 copies
Thomas von Aquin (1978) 2 copies
Izabrano djelo 2 copies
Commentary on Romans (2020) 2 copies
On the Passions (2015) 2 copies
Rekenschap van het geloof (2003) 2 copies
L'âme et le corps (2016) 2 copies
Izbrani filozofski spisi (1999) 2 copies
Penance 1 copy
The emotions 1 copy
Mag je een mens doden? (2008) 1 copy
Summa Theologica Vol I — Author — 1 copy, 1 review
Prudence 1 copy
Hope 1 copy
Temperance 1 copy
Courage 1 copy
The trinity 1 copy
Meditations For Lent (2011) 1 copy
Escritos Políticos (2012) 1 copy
De Regno (On Kingship) (2012) 1 copy
Buch I 1 copy
Lukasevangelium Text (2008) 1 copy
Original sin 1 copy
Le credo 1 copy
Cosmogony 1 copy
La ley (2019) 1 copy, 1 review
Suma de Teología (2003) 1 copy
Sobre os Anjos 1 copy, 1 review
Byt i istota 1 copy
Tratado De Magia (2006) 1 copy
O důvodech víry (2011) 1 copy
Kompendium teologie (2010) 1 copy
De regibus 1 copy
Summa theologiae (1997) 1 copy
Summa 1 copy
Livre-arb’trio, O (2015) 1 copy
Questioni disputate: 7 (2003) 1 copy
[D. Thomas] 1 copy
L'esistenza di Dio (2022) 1 copy
O wierze 1 copy
Kwestia o duszy (1996) 1 copy
Wykład pacierza (1987) 1 copy
Guds Seder 1 copy
Catena aurea : John (1997) 1 copy
Ways of God 1 copy
War and peace (1982) 1 copy
The 1 copy
Somme th©♭ologique (1984) 1 copy
OPUSCULA 1 copy
Opera. 1 copy
Meditations 1 copy
Tabula aurea 1 copy
La Ley 1 copy
Penser le politique (2015) 1 copy
A Luz da Fé 1 copy
Graca, A (2016) 1 copy
TRATADO DE LA LEY (2016) 1 copy
A Sensualidade (2015) 1 copy
As Virtudes Morais (2019) 1 copy
? 1 copy
On the Incarnation (2015) 1 copy
Le maitre 1 copy

Associated Works

Watch for the Light: Readings for Advent and Christmas (2004) — Contributor — 895 copies, 10 reviews
Love Poems from God: Twelve Sacred Voices from the East and West (Compass) (2002) — Contributor — 527 copies, 9 reviews
The Age of Belief: The Medieval Philosophers (1957) — Contributor — 440 copies, 1 review
Critical Theory Since Plato (1971) — Contributor, some editions — 436 copies, 1 review
The Penguin Book of Hell (2018) — Contributor — 268 copies, 5 reviews
Western Philosophy: An Anthology (1996) — Author, some editions — 218 copies, 1 review
A Modern Introduction to Philosophy (1957) — Contributor — 200 copies, 2 reviews
Man and Spirit: The Speculative Philosophers (1954) — Contributor — 189 copies, 1 review
Belief: Readings on the Reason for Faith (2010) — Contributor — 163 copies, 2 reviews
The Penguin Book of Exorcisms (2020) — Contributor — 98 copies, 2 reviews
Other Selves: Philosophers on Friendship (1991) — Contributor — 98 copies
Metaphysics: A Guide and Anthology (2004) — Contributor — 78 copies
God (Hackett Readings in Philosophy) (1996) — Contributor, some editions — 69 copies
The Range of Philosophy: Introductory Readings (1970) — Contributor — 58 copies
Panis Angelicus [score] (1986) — Author; Author — 48 copies, 6 reviews
Witness of the Saints: Patristic Readings in the Liturgy of the Hours (2012) — Contributor — 29 copies, 1 review
Reading Philosophy of Religion (2010) — Contributor — 14 copies
Bacurau [2019 film] (2019) — Actor — 11 copies
Readings in Jurisprudence (1938) — Contributor — 8 copies
Immortality (1973) — Contributor — 6 copies
TOMAS DE AQUINO: LIMITE Y GRANDEZA DE UN (1992) — Associated Name — 4 copies

Tagged

13th century (71) Apologetics (75) Aquinas (1,507) Catholic (215) Catholicism (299) Christian (83) Christianity (448) Church History (74) classics (88) ethics (126) Great Books (65) Kindle (84) law (66) medieval (344) medieval philosophy (221) Medieval Theology (90) metaphysics (65) Middle Ages (67) non-fiction (345) philosophy (1,889) politics (98) prayer (79) religion (854) Saints (169) Scholasticism (102) Summa Theologica (171) Systematic Theology (92) Theology (1,918) Thomism (217) to-read (343)

Common Knowledge

Other names
Aquinas, Thomas
Thomas of Aquin
Thomas of Aquino
"Dumb Ox"
Birthdate
1225-01-28
Date of death
1274-03-07
Gender
male
Education
University of Paris
University of Naples
Occupations
theologian
cleric
Organizations
Dominican Order
Roman Catholic Church
Awards and honors
Canonized (1323)
Doctor of the Church (1567)
Short biography
Thomas of Aquin or Aquino, was an Italian Dominican friar and priest and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the "Doctor Angelicus", "Doctor Communis", and "Doctor Universalis"."Aquinas" is from the county of Aquino, an area his family held land in until 1137. He was born in Roccasecca, Italy.
Nationality
Sicily
Birthplace
Aquino, Lazio, Kingdom of Sicily
Places of residence
Cologne, Germany
Paris, Île-de-France, France
Rome, Italy
Place of death
Fossanova Abbey, Latina, Italy
Burial location
Church of the Jacobins, Toulouse, France
Map Location
Italy

Members

Discussions

Agnosticism of Augustine and Aquinas in Philosophy and Theory (July 2010)

Reviews

138 reviews
This is a review of the Blinkist summary of the book. But it doesn’t seem to be a summary of the whole of Summa Theologica: merely a couple of philosophical concepts. (Maybe important concepts but it seems to be very limited). I’ll have to do more research to find out what I’m missing here.
The following extracts attempt to capture, Aquinas’s ideas about “grace” and the “trinity”. Actually, the authors DO say that they have just focused on the concept of "grace" ....out of show more all the many volumes published by Aquinas.

“We often consider philosophical logic and religious faith as two distinct realms. While one is rooted in reason and analysis, the other is grounded in belief and acceptance. But what if we combined the two? That’s what Thomas Aquinas did in his monumental work, the Summa Theologica–the “Summary of Theology”. He took a closer look at theological concepts, using logic.
Under the lens of Aquinas’s philosophy, the understanding of grace transcends this ordinary terminology and becomes an intricate theological concept.
In his Summa, Aquinas defines grace as a free, unmerited favour from God. It impacts human free will, guiding individuals towards a moral life.....But Aquinas dissects the notion of grace further, identifying several categories: sanctifying grace, actual grace, and the graces of the Holy Spirit.
• Sanctifying grace, as per Aquinas’s interpretation, is the inherent grace that heals human nature and gives persons a share in the divine life.
• Actual grace, on the other hand, is a divine push or encouragement. It might be a sudden inspiration to do good or avoid evil, acting as an aid to human free will.
• Finally, the graces of the Holy Spirit are described as gifts which lead human beings to divine wisdom and understanding.
Each type of grace has a dedicated role in guiding the individual on their spiritual journey.
Take another case: the Holy Trinity–a cornerstone of Christian belief. It is often seen as a mystery, a concept accepted on faith rather than understanding. However, Aquinas refused to leave it at that. Instead, he formulated logical arguments to elucidate this divine composition.
Accepting that God is intelligent and has a will, he theorized that God is self-reflective, conscious of his own divine essence. From this self-consciousness, Aquinas proposed the manifestation of the Word or the Son, through which God understands Himself. As God loves Himself, there arises the Holy Spirit, the divine affection.
This logical exploration gives a rational structure to a previously enigmatic, faith-based notion. So, by merging logic and faith, Aquinas establishes a fresh perspective, making theology more accessible and comprehensive”
What’s my take on it? Well it seems to me, that like most theologians: Aquinas is making most of it up as he goes along. For example, the idea that God is intelligent and has a will. These are foundational assumptions. But one could also make the assumption that god does not have a super intelligence in the way that we understand intelligence. We couod also postulate that God does not have a will in the way that we understand it. For example, he might be bound by cosmic or supernatural boundaries or “laws of nature” that are outside God’s will or control. So if you question the foundations, the logical superstructure erected on these shaky foundations is also going to be very shaky and probably not true.
Yes, he was trying to make sense of a very messy bunch of beliefs....and yes, he had a huge impact on Christianity. But so did Paul (the Apostle....though he never even met Jesus...so a bit rich to call him an Apostle). Basically, Paul made up his own theology along the same lines as Aquinas. Assuming that this MUST have been what Jesus meant or what God intended....and therefore....all the other stuff followed:...Jesus’ divinity, the resurrection, transubstantiation, the bodily assumption into heaven etc., etc. All made up as he went along...... or made up by his followers.
So interesting ideas and I give credit to Aquina’s imagination and ingenuity to trying to bring come sort of coherence into confusing ideas. Was he successful? Not for me. But I give the book four stars.
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Personally, I found this to be a very readable translation of Aquinas's "Shorter Summa." While many of the topics could definitely be tough to navigate through, reading through was helped by the provision of footnotes and references to other works and Scripture.
For Aquinas's work itself, many of his arguments on certain subjects do seem to be well argued, although several are certainly products of his time. Additionally, while I don't necessarily agree with all of his points, there's show more several that I can at least see where he derived his arguments from. show less
The Political Ideas of St. Thomas Aquinas, edited by Dino Bigongiari, is a selection of writings from the Summa Theologica and De Regimine Principum (On Kingship). Taken together, they represent an effort by the Saint to make Aristotle’s politics Catholic.

Of the two books sampled, the Summa is the more important but On Kingship the easier to digest because there Aquinas makes his points directly. In the Summa, Aquinas identifies a subject for discussion, which he calls a Question (e.g. show more Question 90: Of the Essence of Law), and then breaks the subject down into “articles” stating related questions. Objections are proffered in each article and Aquinas gives replies. Sounds lively enough but the objections rarely provoked me to wonder what the rebuttals would be. It became wearisome.

Aquinas founds his discussions on Law, which he classifies as Divine, Eternal, Natural, or Human. He sort of circles around these categories with remarks the reader can try to assemble into coherent concepts. A notable point about Human laws is that they “do not forbid all vices from which the virtuous abstain, but only the more grievous vices from which it is possible for the majority to abstain; and chiefly those that are to the hurt of others.” Not only that, “faith in Christ does not excuse the faithful of the obligation of obeying secular princes.” Interesting assertions, what with Aquinas accepting that some laws or regulations originating in Christian preference need not be put in force. Of course, violating biblical proscriptions not civilly prohibited still leaves a person liable to divine punishment. Also, “Though man is not always bound to will what God wills, yet he is always bound to will what God wills him to will.” Just in case we were worried or confused.

All this Law talk should have implications for Power—its acquisition, use and abuse, and forms--and Justice. I found it hard to decide just what the roster of precise implications should be. I ended by accepting the editor’s assertion that Aquinas thought anarchy the worst of all evils and that our goal should be to immunize society from it. In view of that, some saintly directives:
(1) Don’t be an anarchist. (That word looks a bit like “antichrist.” Don’t be that either.)
(2) Obey local civil authorities.
(3) If you are a civil authority, obey the Pope, if it comes to that.
(4) Injuries inflicted on persons are due for punishment in proportion to the status of the injured, so don’t be a person of low status or injure a person of high status.

Conscience counts too, only not quite as much as I might have expected a Saint to say. How that is, I’ll leave unsaid, as a bit of suspense for the reader.
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½
Aquinas, Thomas. Thomas Aquinas on Politics and Ethics. Edited and Translated by Paul E. Sigmund. Norton Critical Edition. W. W. Norton, 1987.
This collection contains new translations of selections from Aquinas and commentaries on the Thomist tradition from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. It is especially useful on the controversies over the meaning of natural law and the importance of Aquinas’s effort to reconcile Aristotle with the platonic tradition of Augustine. It was show more enlightening to see how the arguments of Aquinas were used by some twentieth-century theologians to support democratic and communitarian views that would have shocked Aquinas and his monarchist contemporaries. The selections from Jacques Maritain were especially enlightening. The translations of Aquinas were clear and readable. I will leave it to Latinists to assess their accuracy. I was surprised that there was not more substantial discussion of the principle of double effect and the arguments of abortion and contraception. After thirty years, this book is still a useful and relatively painless way to get to know Aquinas. show less

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Anton C. Pegis Editor, Introduction
Aristotle Author

Statistics

Works
2,198
Also by
30
Members
27,699
Popularity
#735
Rating
3.9
Reviews
121
ISBNs
1,407
Languages
25
Favorited
49

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