Rutger Bregman
Author of Humankind: A Hopeful History
About the Author
Rutger Bregman is a writer at The Correspondent, where his work has twice been nominated for the prestigious European Press Prize. He is the author of four books on history, philosophy, and economics, and is widely regarded as one of Europe's most prominent young thinkers. The Dutch edition of show more Utopia for Realists sparked a basic income movement that made international headlines, and the book has since been translated into twenty-three languages. show less
Image credit: Rutger Bregman (1988-)
Works by Rutger Bregman
Met de kennis van toen actuele problemen in het licht van de geschiedenis (2012) 14 copies, 1 review
Associated Works
Tagged
Common Knowledge
- Canonical name
- Bregman, Rutger
- Birthdate
- 1988
- Gender
- male
- Education
- University of Utrecht
University of California, Los Angeles - Occupations
- historian
writer
editor
correspondent - Organizations
- De Correspondent
- Agent
- Rebecca Carter
Emma Parry - Nationality
- Netherlands
- Birthplace
- Westerschouwen, Netherlands
- Associated Place (for map)
- Westerschouwen, Netherlands
Members
Discussions
Humankind by Rutger Bregman in One Book One Thread (March 2025)
Reviews
Nem vesztegetnék sok szót arra, ami ebben a könyvben van. Garantált alapjövedelem, 15 órás munkahét, munkaerő szabad áramlása, tőzsdei tranzakciók megadóztatása… csupa olyan dolog, amiről már biztos hallottunk harangozni (aki nem, az guglizzon, vagy kérdezzen rá). Talán a vállunkat is vonogatjuk, ha szóba kerülnek, hogy „szép, szép, egy szebb jövőben, esetleg, feltéve, de meg nem engedve, ám most semmi realitása”. Amennyiben pedig közgazdász show more végzettségűek vagyunk, tutira egy rakás ellenérvünk is akad (mégpedig jó ellenérvek), miért alkalmazhatatlanok ezek az eszközök. (Jó ellenérvek persze arra is voltak, miért NE adjunk szavazati jogot a nőknek vagy a feketéknek, mi több, 150 éve még evidenciának vették, hogy a gazdaság attól műkődik, hogy minél kevesebb bért fizetünk a munkásainknak, és az alkoholizmus egyetlen hatásos gyógyszere, ha halálra dolgoztatjuk a delikvenst. Aki pedig mást állít, az holdkóros. Ennyit a jó ellenérvekről, meg a járt útról, amit járatlanért el ne hagyj.) Na mindegy. A lényeg, hogy eszemben sincs Bregman állításait a közgazdaságtan mérlegén megmérni – nincs is meg hozzá a szükséges apparátusom. De ettől függetlenül: ez a könyv minden (amúgy megítélésem szerint viszonylag mérsékelt) populizmusával, vélelmezhető finom leegyszerűsítéseivel megvett engem.
Mert igazából nem is magukon a konkrét javaslatokon van a hangsúly. Hanem hogy egyáltalán legyenek javaslatok. Az apró korrekciók ígérete nem menti meg a kiüresedéstől a demokratikus gondolatot – határozott, vállalható ideák kellenek. Ma, amikor a jobboldal képes tömegeket mozgósítani úgy, hogy csak negatív céljai vannak*, hol van az a Nagy Pozitív Cél, amit a többiek fel tudnak mutatni? Én azt mondom, Bregman elképzelései pont alkalmasak arra, hogy ezt a szerepet betöltsék.
Jó, hát erre lehet azt mondani, hogy az effajta ködkergetés katasztrófába torkollhat. De 2009-ben (a hitelválság mélypontján) a Goldman Sachs alkalmazottai annyi célprémiumot vittek haza, mint amekkora a Föld 224 000 000 legszegényebb emberének a vagyona. És ha valaki szerint EZ nem elég nagy katasztrófa, akkor igazán nem tudom, mi kell még neki. Egy radioaktív savmocsár a kert végébe? Ráadásul ha a robottechnika ilyen ütemben fejlődik, akkor az alapjövedelem alternatívája nem az lesz, hogy minden marad a régiben, hanem a tömeges munkanélküliség, úgyhogy nem árt aggódni egy kicsit. Szóval Bregman szuggesztív pacák, engem meggyőzött. És őszintén áhítom, hogy minél több embert győzzön meg a továbbiakban is – úgyis botrányosan fiatal, van ideje rá. Mert ha javaslatai politikai akarattá válnak, akkor – és ebben nagyjából biztos vagyok – a szakma is megtalálja a módját, hogy a gyakorlati alkalmazás mikéntjét kidolgozza.
* Mert mit ígér a mai jobboldal (amit amúgy teljesen félrevezető jobboldalnak hívni, hisz már rég nem az – de ez egy mellékszál, jegeljük)? Hogy „Nem leszünk gyarmat!”, meg hogy nem kellenek a bevándorlók. Csupa „nem”. De akkor mi „igen”? Nem leszünk gyarmat, oké, de akkor mik leszünk? És senki ne jöjjön azzal, hogy a szuverenitás pozitív cél – mert mindaddig, amíg nem esik szó arról, hová akarunk szuverén módon eljutni, a szuverenitásra való hivatkozás csak retorikai szájfény a hatalom húsos ajkain. show less
Mert igazából nem is magukon a konkrét javaslatokon van a hangsúly. Hanem hogy egyáltalán legyenek javaslatok. Az apró korrekciók ígérete nem menti meg a kiüresedéstől a demokratikus gondolatot – határozott, vállalható ideák kellenek. Ma, amikor a jobboldal képes tömegeket mozgósítani úgy, hogy csak negatív céljai vannak*, hol van az a Nagy Pozitív Cél, amit a többiek fel tudnak mutatni? Én azt mondom, Bregman elképzelései pont alkalmasak arra, hogy ezt a szerepet betöltsék.
Jó, hát erre lehet azt mondani, hogy az effajta ködkergetés katasztrófába torkollhat. De 2009-ben (a hitelválság mélypontján) a Goldman Sachs alkalmazottai annyi célprémiumot vittek haza, mint amekkora a Föld 224 000 000 legszegényebb emberének a vagyona. És ha valaki szerint EZ nem elég nagy katasztrófa, akkor igazán nem tudom, mi kell még neki. Egy radioaktív savmocsár a kert végébe? Ráadásul ha a robottechnika ilyen ütemben fejlődik, akkor az alapjövedelem alternatívája nem az lesz, hogy minden marad a régiben, hanem a tömeges munkanélküliség, úgyhogy nem árt aggódni egy kicsit. Szóval Bregman szuggesztív pacák, engem meggyőzött. És őszintén áhítom, hogy minél több embert győzzön meg a továbbiakban is – úgyis botrányosan fiatal, van ideje rá. Mert ha javaslatai politikai akarattá válnak, akkor – és ebben nagyjából biztos vagyok – a szakma is megtalálja a módját, hogy a gyakorlati alkalmazás mikéntjét kidolgozza.
* Mert mit ígér a mai jobboldal (amit amúgy teljesen félrevezető jobboldalnak hívni, hisz már rég nem az – de ez egy mellékszál, jegeljük)? Hogy „Nem leszünk gyarmat!”, meg hogy nem kellenek a bevándorlók. Csupa „nem”. De akkor mi „igen”? Nem leszünk gyarmat, oké, de akkor mik leszünk? És senki ne jöjjön azzal, hogy a szuverenitás pozitív cél – mert mindaddig, amíg nem esik szó arról, hová akarunk szuverén módon eljutni, a szuverenitásra való hivatkozás csak retorikai szájfény a hatalom húsos ajkain. show less
The thesis of Rutger Bregman's book is that the vast majority of human beings the vast majority of the time have good intentions. Not only that, but scientific research backs up this optimistic perception of human goodness. Furthermore, trusting in the goodness of others is key to the health and success of individuals and societies. It is the belief that humankind is inherently corrupt that is often manipulated to have people carry out evil. Accepting the "veneer theory" that human society show more is only a thin layer over the cruel and selfish human psyche is akin to the placebo effect, or in this case what Bregman calls the "nocebo" for its negative psychological effects.
Bregman breaks down what we "know" about human behavior by debunking a number of famed studies such as Stanley Milgram's obedience tests and the Stanford Prison Experiment, as well as histories of the collapse of indigenous society on Easter Island and the popular story of neighbors indifference to the murder of Kitty Genovese. After reading the truth behind these stories and how they were manipulated to make the worst possible reading, you might find yourself thinking humans are good but psychologists and journalists are evil.Bregman also contrasts the fictional Lord of the Flies with the real-life experience of Tongan boys who survived being stranded on a desert island for a year through cooperation.
After showing that many cases of humans descending to "savagery" actually had many instances of people wanting to help out, Bregman also explores experimental camps, schools and workplaces where children and adults are trusted to do the right thing with positive results. Bregman builds on existing philosophy, often contrasting the views of humanity of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Hobbes. He also draws on evolutionary biology that shows that cooperation was necessary for human survival and the desire to help is hardwired into humanity.
This is just the kind of book I needed to read right now and it's something I think everyone ought to read.
Favorite Passages:
Bregman breaks down what we "know" about human behavior by debunking a number of famed studies such as Stanley Milgram's obedience tests and the Stanford Prison Experiment, as well as histories of the collapse of indigenous society on Easter Island and the popular story of neighbors indifference to the murder of Kitty Genovese. After reading the truth behind these stories and how they were manipulated to make the worst possible reading, you might find yourself thinking humans are good but psychologists and journalists are evil.Bregman also contrasts the fictional Lord of the Flies with the real-life experience of Tongan boys who survived being stranded on a desert island for a year through cooperation.
After showing that many cases of humans descending to "savagery" actually had many instances of people wanting to help out, Bregman also explores experimental camps, schools and workplaces where children and adults are trusted to do the right thing with positive results. Bregman builds on existing philosophy, often contrasting the views of humanity of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Hobbes. He also draws on evolutionary biology that shows that cooperation was necessary for human survival and the desire to help is hardwired into humanity.
This is just the kind of book I needed to read right now and it's something I think everyone ought to read.
Favorite Passages:
Tine De Moor calls for"institutional diversity" - "while markets work best in some cases and state control is better in others, underpinning it all there has to be a strong communal foundation of citizens who decide to work together."show less
In a world of bad news and disappointing leaders, I was delighted to be recommended Humankind (Bloomsbury) by Dutch historian Rutger Bregman. This very accessible book examines the innate goodness of the human species, particularly before civilisation got in the way. As a psychology graduate, I found his re-examination of famous and alarming studies (the Stanford Prison Experiment, Robbers Cave Experiment, and the Milgram Experiment, amongst others) really interesting and how witnesses were show more led and a clear, pred-determined and negative outcome was sought from the outset. Evidence from wars on how infrequently weapons were fired, particularly when soldiers engaged face to face with their enemy, with only around 15-20% of weapons being fired and bayonets hardly ever being used. It’s a fascinating book that looks at the humanity of people in a way that Factfulness did for our ever-improving world data. It’s a breath of fresh air that’s as welcome as today’s headlines. show less
As exhortations to improve ourselves go — by doing better, by being more morally ambitious — this book is fairly tame. It attempts to motivate by canvassing examples of morally ambitious lives from past few centuries. These are rollicking tales full of surprising twists and turns with a moral hero or heroine in the lead. It’s a bit like clickbait for moral motivation. These examples are interwoven with a sort of theory of moral action and a very specific allegiance to one particular show more consequentialist account of how one ought to evaluate actions. Do good, certainly, but doing more good with the same effort is even better.
This is not a book about how to feel good about yourself or be happy. Indeed, the morally ambitious individual in this view is typically plagued by the knowledge that they could have done more. When the moral calculus shows that a bit more effort could have saved one more life, then even if you’ve saved thousands, you may rightly be blamed for not doing more.
There is, I think, a fatal flaw in the reasoning that underpins the argument of this book, such as it is. Bregman uses the example of Rob Mather who was motivated by a television report on the news about a little girl horribly burned in a fire. He felt he had to do something and he did. He organized a fundraising effort, a charity swim, that raised thousands for that little girl. Afterward, he wanted to do something to help even more people. He did some research and he learned that relatively inexpensive mosquito nets treated with insecticide were remarkably effective at reducing the incidence of malaria. So he organized a campaign to purchase and distribute tens of thousands of such nets. It is estimated that his efforts may have saved the lives of 100,000 people. Now that’s doing more good, right? But what is the difference between his first act of charity motivated by empathy and his later phenomenal achievement motivated by a passion to be ever more efficient in his charitable efforts. Yes, the difference is the motivation. And that’s why many moral philosophers think that these are simply different kinds of actions, not really comparable at all.
To be fair, Bregman is not doing moral philosophy here. He writes like a journalist enthused with his subject. So maybe he isn’t responsible for not wondering whether these achievements ought to be characterized as “moral” achievements at all. What does moral ambition look like when you don’t substitute the moral for a reductive calculus of good maximization? Now there is a book I would very much like to read.
Certainly not recommended. show less
This is not a book about how to feel good about yourself or be happy. Indeed, the morally ambitious individual in this view is typically plagued by the knowledge that they could have done more. When the moral calculus shows that a bit more effort could have saved one more life, then even if you’ve saved thousands, you may rightly be blamed for not doing more.
There is, I think, a fatal flaw in the reasoning that underpins the argument of this book, such as it is. Bregman uses the example of Rob Mather who was motivated by a television report on the news about a little girl horribly burned in a fire. He felt he had to do something and he did. He organized a fundraising effort, a charity swim, that raised thousands for that little girl. Afterward, he wanted to do something to help even more people. He did some research and he learned that relatively inexpensive mosquito nets treated with insecticide were remarkably effective at reducing the incidence of malaria. So he organized a campaign to purchase and distribute tens of thousands of such nets. It is estimated that his efforts may have saved the lives of 100,000 people. Now that’s doing more good, right? But what is the difference between his first act of charity motivated by empathy and his later phenomenal achievement motivated by a passion to be ever more efficient in his charitable efforts. Yes, the difference is the motivation. And that’s why many moral philosophers think that these are simply different kinds of actions, not really comparable at all.
To be fair, Bregman is not doing moral philosophy here. He writes like a journalist enthused with his subject. So maybe he isn’t responsible for not wondering whether these achievements ought to be characterized as “moral” achievements at all. What does moral ambition look like when you don’t substitute the moral for a reductive calculus of good maximization? Now there is a book I would very much like to read.
Certainly not recommended. show less
Lists
Awards
You May Also Like
Associated Authors
Statistics
- Works
- 10
- Also by
- 1
- Members
- 4,195
- Popularity
- #5,994
- Rating
- 4.0
- Reviews
- 108
- ISBNs
- 143
- Languages
- 23
- Favorited
- 1































