Chris Roberts (1)

Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind the Rhyme features an enjoyably British overview of popular nursery rhymes and their possible origins. Roberts does a thorough, humorous job of bringing history to life--I mean really, he quotes Eddie Izzard's "Tea or cakes or death" line in summarizing the Church of England. The majority of the rhymes were familiar to me, a California-raised American.

I was surprised by how old many of the nursery rhymes were. "London Bridge" is thought to show more celebrate the alliance of Aethelred the Unready and King Olav of Norway. Olav attached his ships to the bridge and at high tide floated the structure away. However, many of the rhymes date to the period of Henry VIII and shortly thereafter when religious tensions were high and often bloody.

I have to say, I feel odd reading my son's current favorite book, Mother Goose in California since finding out that "Goosey goosey gander" is about prostitutes and the whole Jack and Jill climbing a hill is really a euphemism for sex. It's like when I was a teenager and realized that the skunk Pepe le Pew was trying to rape a cat in all of those old cartoons.

I'm definitely keeping this book in my reference collection... though I think I'll hide it from my son for the next decade. Oh, sweet innocence! show less

This was a delightfully informative and humorously written little book that fleshes out the nursery rhymes that most of us grew up with. There are several rhymes in here that I was unfamiliar with and they are most likely more popular in England than they are here. It's a fascinating history lesson that draws several connections to many more contemporary political events. Some of this I already knew, but many of the explanations for nursery ditties and nonsense poems were real eye openers show more for me. I've been reading this book in bits and pieces for a while, it being one I carried in my handbag and read in odd moments. It's a good book for that sort of reading, since the reader can start and stop as needed. I enjoyed it a great deal. show less

In this book, author Chris Roberts considers English language nursery rhymes in terms of their original, historical meanings. He traces some of these rhymes to the Middle Ages, but many others to the Tudor and Stuart monarchies of the 1500s through the early 1700s. In his account, these innocent- seeming rhymes reveal “religious hatred, political subversion, and sexual innuendo.” Thus, Humpty Dumpty is said to have been a cannon placed on the wall of a Colchester church. “Georgy show more Porgy” allegedly refers to the unpopular and portly George IV, and “Baa Baa Black Sheep” was originally a complaint against taxes. “Sing a Song of Sixpence” might refer to Henry VIII, and his first two wives. or maybe not -- and that raises a problem.

For many of the rhymes discussed, the author presents multiple, conflicting interpretations, each of which he supports with conjecture and speculation. This practice calls into question the legitimacy and accuracy of the book.

For example, consider “Mary, Mary Quite Contrary.” One possibility is that it is a jibe at Mary, Queen of Scots -- “the pretty maids all in a row” being a reference to the rampant promiscuity at court. Alternatively, the “garden” of the rhyme may be a cemetery full of Protestant martyrs, and the “silver bells and cockle shells” instruments of torture – in which case the Mary actually may be England’s Mary Tudor (aka “Bloody Mary”). Or perhaps the “Mary” is the mother of Jesus, and the “cockle shells” were badges worn by religious pilgrims. When a single simple rhyme gives rise to so many discrepant interpretations, clearly the reader can have no confidence in any one of them. Roberts sidesteps the contradictions by proposing that the rhyme “has come to represent either Mary, depending on how it is interpreted.” What can he possibly mean by this statement? The rhyme had an origin and a history, regardless of whether we can reconstruct what they were. Most of the rhymes discussed are of this sort – ones with multiple possible interpretations which are not able to be distinguished. Thus, this book becomes an exercise in imaginative speculation, not historical reconstruction.

In an afterword, the author gives the game away: ”Heavy Words was never meant to be a particularly scholarly exercise…. there are many alternative theories for several of the rhymes featured here, but this book has gone for the most interesting and plausible… “ The most interesting!? And so: entertainment was the goal. For anything like historical accuracy, readers will have to look elsewhere. show less

This - "A Penny Dreadful for £2.50", the cover says - is fantastic. One Eye Grey's premise is taking old, obscure folk tales and retelling them in a contemporary London setting, which caught my interest immediately. And it does this amazingly well! Each vignette is really quite short (4-6 pages) but they're endlessly fascinating, and so well-told - whether the subject is Jenny Greenteeth, or the queen rat of the anthology's title, or a real estate agent who runs his business by keeping show more track of "erotic leylines". Even better, these aren't just conceptually successful, as the quality of writing is admirable as well; the framing story, concerning a group of friends who have drifted apart and only met back up for drinks at a pub years later, after the death of one of their own, is impressive not just for how well their conversations illustrate the character of London, but the characters themselves. Several times I was astounded at the details in speech or body language or implication-by-omission, reading a character trait that I've noticed in someone before but never seen written down. My only regret is that, as a pamphlet, this level of writing isn't likely to be seen by many (although it is available via Amazon UK). Hopefully at some point it and later issues will be collected into book form by a large publisher, for all the world to see.

In the meantime, I already have issue #2 to start in on. show less