Jean Racine (1639–1699)
Author of Phaedra
About the Author
Jean Racine is considered the greatest of French tragic dramatists. If Shakespeare's (see Vol. 1) theater is characterized by exploration and invention, Racine's is defined by restraint and formal perfection. His themes are derived from Greco-Roman, biblical, and oriental sources and are developed show more in the neoclassic manner: keeping to few characters, observing the "three unities" defined by Aristotle (see Vols. 3, 4, and 5) as essential to tragedy (i. e., unity of time, place, and action), and writing in regular 12-syllable verses called "alexandrines." In contrast to Corneille, whose theater is eminently political and concerned with moral choices, Racine locates tragic intrigue in the conflict of inner emotions. He is a master at exploring the power of erotic passion to transform and pervert the human psyche. As a Jansenist who believed that a person deprived of grace was subject to the tyranny of instincts, Racine was interested in portraying human passions---particularly the passion of love---in a state of crisis. Racine is also one of the greatest of all French poets, and his plays are a challenge to any translator. His major tragedies include Andromaque (1667), Britannicus (1669), e Berenice (1670), Iphigenie (1674), and Phedre (1677). (Bowker Author Biography) show less
Image credit: Wikipédia France
Series
Works by Jean Racine
Théâtre complet I : La Thébaïde, Alexandre le Grand, Andromaque, Les Plaideurs, Britannicus, Bérénice (1964) 65 copies
Théâtre complet II : Bajazet, Mithridate, Iphigénie, Phèdre, Athalie (1983) — Author — 47 copies, 1 review
La bibliothèque, 19 : Andromaque, Berenice, Iphigenie, Mithridate, Bajazet, Phedre, Esther, Athalie (2009) 6 copies
Oeuvres de Racine 5 copies
Classical French theatre — Contributor — 5 copies
Racine: Theatre Complet II (Bajazet, Mithridate, Iphigénie, Phèdre, Esther, Athalie) (1998) 5 copies
Complete Plays, vol 1 (ML 390) 4 copies
3 Great French Plays — Contributor — 4 copies
Œuvres de J. Racine 3 copies
Oeuvres de Jean Racine , Tome III. 3 copies
2 Plays: Iphigenie / Mithridate 3 copies
Jean Racine összes drámái 3 copies
Tragedie 3 copies
Théâtre I 2 copies
Œuvres complètes. Tome premier 2 copies
Théâtre. Tome 1 2 copies
THEATRE COMPLET, I, LA THEBAIDE, ALEXANDRE LE GRAND, ANDROMAQUE, LES PLAIDEURS, BRITANNICUS, BERENICE (1968) 2 copies
2 Plays: Athalie / Esther 2 copies
Racine: Britannicus ane Phdre — Author — 2 copies
Théâtre français, répertoire complet, La Thébaïde, Alexandre, Andromaque, les Plaideurs, Tome 1: Britannicus, Bérénice (2017) 2 copies
Phèdre 2 copies
Iphigenia, Phaedra, Athaliah 2 copies
Oeuvres Complete 1 copy
Oeuvres complètes de Jean Racine , avec le commentaire de La Harpe. Tome premier [-huitième]. 1 copy
Œuvres de Jean Racine Tome 5 1 copy
The Works of Racine 1 copy
Oeuvres de Jean Racine, précédées d'une notice sur sa vie et ses ouvrages. Nouvelle édition... 1 copy
Racine összes drámai művei 1 copy
Phd̈re tragďie 1 copy
Phaedra and Other Plays 1 copy
Œuvres de Jean Racine Tome 3 1 copy
RACINE Theatre complet - Variantes, bibliographie et notes par E. PILCON et R. GROOS - La PLEIADE [1940] (1940) 1 copy
Tres tragedias 1 copy
Berenice, Bajazet 1 copy
Théatre choisi de Racine 1 copy
Tawny scrawny lion 1 copy
Tragedie : wybór 1 copy
Francuski klasicisti 1 copy
Théatre complet I la thébaïde, alexandre, andromaque, les plaideurs, britannicus, bérénice (1908) 1 copy
Les Plaideurs, Britannicus 1 copy
Oeuvres de Racine (2 vols) 1 copy
Athalie et autres tragédies 1 copy
Oevres completes de Racine 1 copy
Connaissance des lettres 1 copy
Théâtre, tome 1 1 copy
Théatre 1 copy
Œuvres Complètes de J. Racine, Vol. 5: Avec les Notes de Tous les Commentateurs (Classic Reprint) (French Edition) (2017) 1 copy
Théâtre II 1 copy
Œuvres complètes I 1 copy
Jean Racine: Oeuvres complètes et annexes (Nouvelle édition enrichie) (French Edition) (2010) 1 copy
Thatre 1 copy
Ouvres 1 copy
Œuvres 1 copy
Chefs-d'oeuvre de Racine 1 copy
Mid-Career Tragedies 1 copy
Racine összes drámai művei 1 copy
Poésie Lyrique Au Moyen Âge: Tome I (Nouveaux Classiques Larousse) (Spécial Documentation Thématique) (1975) — Author — 1 copy
Œuvres de Racine. 1 copy
Théâtre choisi de Racine 1 copy
Oeuvres de Racine : Tome I 1 copy
Oeuvres de Racine : Tome II 1 copy
MAESTRI ATALIA 1 copy
Choix de tragedies 1 copy
Theatre 1 1 copy
Inni spirituali 1 copy
Lettres inédites de Jean Racine et de Louis Racine : précédées de la vie de Jean Racine et d'une notice sur Louis Racine, etc 1 copy, 1 review
uvres compls 1 copy
Ouvres Complètes 1 copy
Théâtre, Tome 1 1 copy
Theatre choisi de Racine 1 copy
Procederen 1 copy
Theatre, Tome I (La Thébaide, Alexandre le Grand, Andromaque, Les Plaideurs, Britannicus, Bérénice) 1 copy
Racine: Phaedra, Andromache, Berenice, Athaliah, Britannicus — Author — 1 copy
Jean Racine Five Plays Translated Into English Verse and with an Introduction By Kenneth Muir (1960) — Author — 1 copy
Théâtre de 1664 à [1691] 1 copy
Associated Works
Continental Drama: Calderon; Corneille; Racine; Molière; Lessing; Schiller (2004) — Contributor — 251 copies
Oogst Der Tijden. keur uit de werken van schrijvers en dichters aller volken en eeuwen (1940) — Contributor — 12 copies
Profil littérature, profil d'une oeuvre : Racine : Phèdre (12 sujets corrigés) (1973) — Contributor — 4 copies
Le monde des passions en 30 dissertations: Balzac, Hume, Racine: programme 2015-2016 (2015) — Contributor, some editions — 1 copy
Schillers sämtliche Werke. 8 Band. Übersetzungen: Turandot - Der Parasit - Der Neffe als Onkel - Phädra — Contributor — 1 copy
Fauré’s Requiem : Music for reflection and hope : Royal Festival Hall : Sun 24 Oct, 3pm [programme] (2021) — Text — 1 copy
Theater, Volume 30, Number 1 — Contributor — 1 copy
Rossini : Ermione {video recording} {1995 television film} {Glyndebourne} (1995) — Original author — 1 copy
Die Deutsche Schaubühne zu Wienn, nach alten und neuen Mustern — Contributor — 1 copy
Tagged
Common Knowledge
- Canonical name
- Racine, Jean
- Legal name
- Racine, Jean-Baptiste
- Other names
- Racine
- Birthdate
- 1639-12-22
- Date of death
- 1699-04-21
- Gender
- male
- Education
- Petites écoles de Port-Royal
Collège de Beauvais - Occupations
- dramatist
- Organizations
- Académie française, (Membre, 1672 | 1899)
Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (Membre, 1682 | 1899) - Relationships
- Louis XIV (Protecteur)
Madame de Montespan (Protectrice)
Madame de Maintenon (Protectrice) - Short biography
- Jean Racine (1639-1699) est un dramaturge, poète et tragédien classique français majeur.
Il naît le 22 décembre 1639 à la Ferté-Milon en Picardie dans une famille de moyenne bourgeoisie. Il perd sa mère à l'âge de deux ans et son père à quatre ans.. Il étudie, à partir de 1649 à Port-Royal-des-Champs puis fait un passage au collège de Beauvais, haut lieu du jansénisme, à Paris et retourne aux Granges de Port-Royal-des-Champs pour l’année de rhétorique. Il est en classe de philosophie au collège d’Harcourt, à Paris en 1658.
Il débute dans l'écriture avec La Thébaïde en 1664, joué par la troupe de Molière, poursuit et connaît un triomphe avec Andromaque en 1667. Cette réussite en fait l'égal et le rival de Corneille tant auprès du public que de Louis XIV qui en fait un favori majeur. Dès lors, sa promotion sociale et économique est assurée. Il est élu à l'Académie française en 1672, anobli en 1674 et atteint la gloire avec Phèdre en 1677.
Devenu courtisan du roi, Racine délaisse alors la Poésie. Suivent ainsi des tragédies commandées notamment par Mme de Maintenon, des historiographies, cantiques et oeuvres dramatiques plus tournées vers la morale austère du jansénisme.
Il meurt le 21 avril 1699 à Paris et est inhumé à Port-Royal-des-Champs. Après la destruction de l’abbaye en 1711, ses cendres sont transférées à l’église Saint-Étienne-du-Mont, à Paris.
La critique et la postérité consacre au cours des siècles Racine, avec Molière et Corneille, comme dramaturge majeur des Lettres classiques françaises. Universellement reconnu dans le domaine de la littérature, il est et reste l'un des auteurs les plus joués. - Cause of death
- liver cancer
- Nationality
- France
- Birthplace
- La Ferté-Milon, Picardy, France
- Places of residence
- Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Place of death
- Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Burial location
- Saint-Étienne-du-Mont Church, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Map Location
- France
Members
Reviews
God DAMN I absolutely adored this! 4.5 stars and possibly 5 (we'll see if I round up)! Even though I already know the plot I still found it so heart-rending. Phaedra's soliloquies are so beautifully written, Aricia's rebuttal to Theseus is amazing and had me rooting for her and Hippolytus's characterisation is exactly what I was looking for! The writing style was absolutely gorgeous, I was completely eating it up (remind me at a later date to read Richard Wilbur's translation).
I feel like show more Racine did an expert job of modernising (relatively speaking) the original myth, still maintaining the tragic plot whilst removing some of the most unnecessarily horrific elements and improving the characterisation - I especially liked Phaedra herself not making the accusation which made me all the more conflicted in my sympathies (as this helps maintain, as Racine mentioned, the idea that she is 'neither wholly guilty nor wholly innocent'). Introducing Aricia also gave a breath of fresh air that allowed Hippolytus to not be depicted as one-sided as he often can be.
Overall this was soooo good and I'm excited to read more of Racine's plays! show less
I feel like show more Racine did an expert job of modernising (relatively speaking) the original myth, still maintaining the tragic plot whilst removing some of the most unnecessarily horrific elements and improving the characterisation - I especially liked Phaedra herself not making the accusation which made me all the more conflicted in my sympathies (as this helps maintain, as Racine mentioned, the idea that she is 'neither wholly guilty nor wholly innocent'). Introducing Aricia also gave a breath of fresh air that allowed Hippolytus to not be depicted as one-sided as he often can be.
Overall this was soooo good and I'm excited to read more of Racine's plays! show less
I consider Racine the greatest French playwright (sorry, Molière fans), and I consider Phèdre and Britannicus his two greatest plays. My quarrel here, and hence my low rating of 2½**, is with the translation – specifically, Richard Wilbur's use of heroic couplets which, despite some add-on enjambment, still make Racine sound too much like John Dryden.
Nothing against Dryden, mind you, but I think Wilbur would have been better advised to go with blank verse for a playwright who engages show more in tragic set-pieces. I'm going to get on to Wilbur's Molière translations, though, where heroic couplets (assuming that's what Wilbur used for Molière) might give a sing-song effect more appropriate to comic satire. show less
Nothing against Dryden, mind you, but I think Wilbur would have been better advised to go with blank verse for a playwright who engages show more in tragic set-pieces. I'm going to get on to Wilbur's Molière translations, though, where heroic couplets (assuming that's what Wilbur used for Molière) might give a sing-song effect more appropriate to comic satire. show less
This continuation of the Trojan War story is told from so many points of view it can be hard to know who to sympathise with. Orestes and Achilles are typically entitled boys who feel that their love should be sufficient to win them the girl. Hermione is an enigma - either a femme fatale or an engenue. Andromache herself is simply a mother and a widow, trapped by the fall of her city. She has no status, yet she manages to secure her son’s future, partly by selling her own body (yet her show more decision never bears the inevitable fruit, for her tormentor is killed before any union takes place, leaving her with the benefits of a forced marriage without the attendant horror). show less
ok now! another great French play! the characters in this one are definitely a little silly at times but Racine's skill means that even the most audacious decisions and statements can be backed up by masterful writing! although my god Hermione
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Statistics
- Works
- 311
- Also by
- 19
- Members
- 7,045
- Popularity
- #3,477
- Rating
- 3.9
- Reviews
- 101
- ISBNs
- 669
- Languages
- 17
- Favorited
- 16
























