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Jean Racine (1639–1699)

Author of Phaedra

311+ Works 7,045 Members 101 Reviews 16 Favorited

About the Author

Jean Racine is considered the greatest of French tragic dramatists. If Shakespeare's (see Vol. 1) theater is characterized by exploration and invention, Racine's is defined by restraint and formal perfection. His themes are derived from Greco-Roman, biblical, and oriental sources and are developed show more in the neoclassic manner: keeping to few characters, observing the "three unities" defined by Aristotle (see Vols. 3, 4, and 5) as essential to tragedy (i. e., unity of time, place, and action), and writing in regular 12-syllable verses called "alexandrines." In contrast to Corneille, whose theater is eminently political and concerned with moral choices, Racine locates tragic intrigue in the conflict of inner emotions. He is a master at exploring the power of erotic passion to transform and pervert the human psyche. As a Jansenist who believed that a person deprived of grace was subject to the tyranny of instincts, Racine was interested in portraying human passions---particularly the passion of love---in a state of crisis. Racine is also one of the greatest of all French poets, and his plays are a challenge to any translator. His major tragedies include Andromaque (1667), Britannicus (1669), e Berenice (1670), Iphigenie (1674), and Phedre (1677). (Bowker Author Biography) show less
Image credit: Wikipédia France

Series

Works by Jean Racine

Phaedra (1677) — Author — 2,253 copies, 33 reviews
Andromache (1667) 837 copies, 10 reviews
3 Plays: Athalie / Iphigenia / Phaedra (1674) 450 copies, 1 review
Britannicus (1669) 440 copies, 7 reviews
Bérénice (1670) 324 copies, 8 reviews
Iphigénie (1674) 214 copies, 4 reviews
Théâtre complet (1880) 180 copies, 1 review
Athalie (1691) 171 copies, 5 reviews
Bajazet (1991) 115 copies, 4 reviews
The Classic Theatre; Volume IV: Six French Plays (1961) — Contributor — 94 copies, 1 review
The Suitors (1668) 90 copies, 3 reviews
Esther (1975) 88 copies, 1 review
3 Plays: Andromache / Britannicus / Phedre (1667) 82 copies, 1 review
2 Plays: Andromache / Phaedra (1982) 78 copies, 2 reviews
3 Plays: Athalie / Britannicus / Phaedra (1987) 77 copies, 1 review
Mithridate (1991) — Author — 59 copies, 2 reviews
Oeuvres complètes (1962) 45 copies
Racine : Oeuvres complètes, tome I (1931) 44 copies, 3 reviews
3 Plays: Athalie / Bajazet / Phaedra (1983) 31 copies, 2 reviews
Iphigénie en Aulide [sound recording] (1988) — Author — 22 copies
Racine : Oeuvres complètes, tome I (1931) 20 copies, 1 review
The Works of Corneille and Racine (1932) 18 copies, 1 review
2 Plays: Andromaque / Britannicus (1667) 17 copies, 1 review
Oeuvres de Jean Racine (2018) 16 copies
2 Plays: Britannicus / Phaedra (1963) — Author — 16 copies
Fransk klassisk drama (1976) 15 copies, 1 review
Four classic French plays (1961) 15 copies
Phaedra and Figaro: Racine's Phèdre (1972) 13 copies, 1 review
The Best Plays of Racine (1966) 12 copies
Teatro (1996) 11 copies
Alexandre le Grand (1990) 9 copies
Berenice Iphigenie (1998) 5 copies
Classical French theatre — Contributor — 5 copies
Cantiques spirituels (1999) 4 copies
Teatro selecto (1975) 4 copies
Theatre Complet de Racine (1960) — Author — 4 copies
FEDRA Y OTRAS TRAGEDIAS 4 copies, 1 review
3 Great French Plays — Contributor — 4 copies
3 Plays: Berenice / Britannicus / Les plaideurs (2010) — Author — 4 copies
Athalía y Andrómaca (1948) 3 copies
Ecrit d'Uzès (1991) 3 copies
Cid * Phaedra (1993) 3 copies
Tragedie 3 copies
Jean Racine's Phaedra (1984) 2 copies
Théâtre I 2 copies
Britanico Berenice ; Bayaceto (1946) — Author — 2 copies
Théâtre complet, tome 2 (1995) 2 copies
Racine: Britannicus ane Phdre — Author — 2 copies
Phèdre 2 copies
Horace Polyeucte (2001) 2 copies
Lettres à son fils (1997) 2 copies
Andrómaca Ester (2010) 2 copies
Le Monde des passions (2015) 1 copy
Théatre 1 copy
Atalia Y Fedra (2013) 1 copy
Teatre. 3 Vols. (1928) 1 copy
Essais Extraits I l'Homme (1934) — Author — 1 copy
Théâtre II 1 copy
Thatre 1 copy
Ouvres 1 copy
Œuvres 1 copy
Theatre Tome II (1962) 1 copy
Jean Racine 1639-1699 (2004) 1 copy
Racine - Theatre Classique Français (12) (1960) — Author — 1 copy
Racine - Theatre classique francais, tome xi (1965) — Author — 1 copy
Teatro completo (1982) 1 copy
Theatre 1 1 copy
Phedre Britannicus (1989) 1 copy
uvres compls 1 copy
Andromaque, Britannicus and Athalie (1903) (2010) — Author — 1 copy
Procederen 1 copy

Associated Works

The Symposium (0360) — Translator, some editions — 7,575 copies, 84 reviews
Masterpieces of the Drama (1974) — Contributor — 198 copies, 2 reviews
Treasury of the Theatre: From Aeschylus to Ostrovsky (1967) — Contributor — 50 copies
Britannicus - Racine (1988) — Contributor — 5 copies
Theatre (2013) 3 copies
Andromaque, Racine : Analyse critique (1992) — Contributor — 3 copies

Tagged

17th century (204) Circolazione Libera (32) classic (87) classicism (21) classics (97) drama (580) early modern (22) fiction (199) France (126) French (441) French drama (50) French language (20) French literature (418) French theatre (37) in French (21) Jean Racine (22) literature (192) Modern Library (19) Penguin Classics (27) play (115) plays (236) Pléiade (20) poetry (78) Racine (63) read (27) theatre (572) to-read (173) tragedy (154) translation (34) unread (25)

Common Knowledge

Canonical name
Racine, Jean
Legal name
Racine, Jean-Baptiste
Other names
Racine
Birthdate
1639-12-22
Date of death
1699-04-21
Gender
male
Education
Petites écoles de Port-Royal
Collège de Beauvais
Occupations
dramatist
Organizations
Académie française, (Membre, 1672 | 1899)
Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (Membre, 1682 | 1899)
Relationships
Louis XIV (Protecteur)
Madame de Montespan (Protectrice)
Madame de Maintenon (Protectrice)
Short biography
Jean Racine (1639-1699) est un dramaturge, poète et tragédien classique français majeur.
Il naît le 22 décembre 1639 à la Ferté-Milon en Picardie dans une famille de moyenne bourgeoisie. Il perd sa mère à l'âge de deux ans et son père à quatre ans.. Il étudie, à partir de 1649 à Port-Royal-des-Champs puis fait un passage au collège de Beauvais, haut lieu du jansénisme, à Paris et retourne aux Granges de Port-Royal-des-Champs pour l’année de rhétorique. Il est en classe de philosophie au collège d’Harcourt, à Paris en 1658.
Il débute dans l'écriture avec La Thébaïde en 1664, joué par la troupe de Molière, poursuit et connaît un triomphe avec Andromaque en 1667. Cette réussite en fait l'égal et le rival de Corneille tant auprès du public que de Louis XIV qui en fait un favori majeur. Dès lors, sa promotion sociale et économique est assurée. Il est élu à l'Académie française en 1672, anobli en 1674 et atteint la gloire avec Phèdre en 1677.
Devenu courtisan du roi, Racine délaisse alors la Poésie. Suivent ainsi des tragédies commandées notamment par Mme de Maintenon, des historiographies, cantiques et oeuvres dramatiques plus tournées vers la morale austère du jansénisme.
Il meurt le 21 avril 1699 à Paris et est inhumé à Port-Royal-des-Champs. Après la destruction de l’abbaye en 1711, ses cendres sont transférées à l’église Saint-Étienne-du-Mont, à Paris.

La critique et la postérité consacre au cours des siècles Racine, avec Molière et Corneille, comme dramaturge majeur des Lettres classiques françaises. Universellement reconnu dans le domaine de la littérature, il est et reste l'un des auteurs les plus joués.
Cause of death
liver cancer
Nationality
France
Birthplace
La Ferté-Milon, Picardy, France
Places of residence
Paris, Île-de-France, France
Place of death
Paris, Île-de-France, France
Burial location
Saint-Étienne-du-Mont Church, Paris, Île-de-France, France
Map Location
France

Members

Reviews

111 reviews
God DAMN I absolutely adored this! 4.5 stars and possibly 5 (we'll see if I round up)! Even though I already know the plot I still found it so heart-rending. Phaedra's soliloquies are so beautifully written, Aricia's rebuttal to Theseus is amazing and had me rooting for her and Hippolytus's characterisation is exactly what I was looking for! The writing style was absolutely gorgeous, I was completely eating it up (remind me at a later date to read Richard Wilbur's translation).
I feel like show more Racine did an expert job of modernising (relatively speaking) the original myth, still maintaining the tragic plot whilst removing some of the most unnecessarily horrific elements and improving the characterisation - I especially liked Phaedra herself not making the accusation which made me all the more conflicted in my sympathies (as this helps maintain, as Racine mentioned, the idea that she is 'neither wholly guilty nor wholly innocent'). Introducing Aricia also gave a breath of fresh air that allowed Hippolytus to not be depicted as one-sided as he often can be.
Overall this was soooo good and I'm excited to read more of Racine's plays!
show less
I consider Racine the greatest French playwright (sorry, Molière fans), and I consider Phèdre and Britannicus his two greatest plays. My quarrel here, and hence my low rating of 2½**, is with the translation – specifically, Richard Wilbur's use of heroic couplets which, despite some add-on enjambment, still make Racine sound too much like John Dryden.

Nothing against Dryden, mind you, but I think Wilbur would have been better advised to go with blank verse for a playwright who engages show more in tragic set-pieces. I'm going to get on to Wilbur's Molière translations, though, where heroic couplets (assuming that's what Wilbur used for Molière) might give a sing-song effect more appropriate to comic satire. show less
½
This continuation of the Trojan War story is told from so many points of view it can be hard to know who to sympathise with. Orestes and Achilles are typically entitled boys who feel that their love should be sufficient to win them the girl. Hermione is an enigma - either a femme fatale or an engenue. Andromache herself is simply a mother and a widow, trapped by the fall of her city. She has no status, yet she manages to secure her son’s future, partly by selling her own body (yet her show more decision never bears the inevitable fruit, for her tormentor is killed before any union takes place, leaving her with the benefits of a forced marriage without the attendant horror). show less
ok now! another great French play! the characters in this one are definitely a little silly at times but Racine's skill means that even the most audacious decisions and statements can be backed up by masterful writing! although my god Hermione

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Associated Authors

Molière Contributor
Pierre de Marivaux Contributor
Pierre Corneille Contributor
Molière Contributor
Molière Contributor
Robert Lowell Translator
Jacques Barzun Translator
Paul Landis Translator, Introduction
Robert Henderson Translator
George Dillon Translator
David Bradby Introduction
Richard Wilbur Translator, Editor
Jean-Pol Caput Introduction
John Cairncross Translator
Wolf Steinsieck Translator
Hans Bakx Translator
Julie Rose Translator
Wesley Goddard Translator
Jean Salles Introduction
Wallace Fowlie Translator
Thomas Kinding Translator
Ted Hughes Translator
Ivar Harrie Translator
Hans W. Bakx Translator
Eric Korn Translator
John Crowne Translator
fourcassijean Introduction
Gustave Lanson Notes et notice
Albert Mestres Translator
Janine Brogt Translator
Charles Péguy Introduction
Léon Lejealle Introduction
Alain Juillard Introduction
Edmond Pilon Contributor
John Aler Artist
Samuel Solomon Translator
René Groos Contributor
George B. Daniel Introduction and notes
Lacy Lockert Translator
Jean Dubu Editor
Tim Chilcott Translator

Statistics

Works
311
Also by
19
Members
7,045
Popularity
#3,477
Rating
3.9
Reviews
101
ISBNs
669
Languages
17
Favorited
16

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