Richard Bernstein (1) (1944–2025)

You know the story, the details, even a bit about the many people involved in this horrific incident.
Still, it's impossible to put this book down.
"Out of the Blue" is a brilliant account of 9-11 which manages to be scholarly yet accessible, tender but not sentimental (I was moved to tears many times while reading).
Certainly one of the best non-fiction books I've ever read.

The Occident is from Mars, the Orient is from Venus

Less than a week into my first trip east of Vienna I was on a houseboat on Srinagar’s Dal Lake, sometimes admiring the graciously moving daughter of the Indian family on the boat next to mine. After two days the son of the family wanted to invite me over to get more acquainted. I kindly declined. It was my first experience that the lure between West and East went beyond temples and democratic institutions.

The images that the West holds of show more the East dates back from Antiquity. After Titus’ victory over the Israelis, coins were minted showing a victorious male in Roman military uniform standing against a palm tree, and a weeping female, sitting in a gesture of submission. It is the oldest image of the East as weak and feminine and the West as strong and masculine. That image has pertained well into the the third millennium, not in the least because it matched nicely with the developing political and economic disparities between the two sides of the Eurasian landmass.

Exoticism, as much as power and money, has a sexual component. In this book Mr. Bernstein chronicles the “history of erotic encounters” between West and East. As a definition for the East, he takes the Orient, an area that ranges from Morocco to Japan; countries that the West managed to colonise almost completely since the 15th century. And whereas monogamy was the norm in the West since the rise of Christianity, in the East polygamy, the “culture of the harem”, reigned for whoever had the means to enjoy it. The East set aside a group of women for men’s sexual enjoyment, and Western traders and colonisers had few qualms about enjoying that privilege also.

The author concentrates on this “culture of the harem”, and therefore mainly on relationships between Western man and Asian women. As a reason Mr. Bernstein claims that this is the most common form. This may be right, but if you look a bit more carefully, you can find plenty of examples of relationships between Western women and Asian men. Lady Ellenborough comes to mind, who lived with a Syrian sheikh for 30 years. Marguerite Duras wrote about her own relationship as a young woman in colonial Vietnam with a Chinese in her novel l’Amant. Or Indonesia’s first prime minister Soetan Sjahrir, who was married to Maria Duchateau. She was one of the (few) women that supported their husbands in the anti-colonial struggle. Most Indonesian men that went to live in the Netherlands married local women, creating a largely multi-racial offspring.

Mr. Bernstein shows only limited interest for the female side of the relationship. In Thailand, he rates that interest as mainly financial. Nowhere does he mention the Southeast Asian fascination for mixed-racial babies, as mixed-racial people are considered so much more pretty than white or Asian people. In his book about concubinage in the Dutch East Indies De Njai Reggie Baaij’s does look at this subject from a female side. He concludes that the relationships were very often asymmetric. The men were in charge, leaving their concubines and often their children whenever it suited him. The former concubines and their children then often led a marginal life in the native society. The level of understanding between the man and the often illiterate woman could be too limited to develop any real level of intimacy. And if the men did not take concubines but visited prostitutes, the treatment for shanker with mercury was painful and expensive.

Although flawed, the book contains a good description of sexuality in British India, and how Richard Burton’s discovery of an ancient sexual culture greatly influenced the West in a time that India was copying the West, as well as a chapter about how Japan handled the influx of American soldiers after its defeat in the Second World War. show less

This book was recommended to me by my old friend Col, who has spent some years in India and presumably is familiar with some of the ground covered. Both of us had mused about "sometime" retracing the old silk road from China to the West. Alas, I think we both may have left our jaunt a little late. But this book has done quite a lot towards dampening any lingering enthusiasm I may have had for the adventure. Bernstein muses, towards the end of his book (p323) about the realities of show more travel..and the "vexing details of existence---- finding a place to stay, getting your underwear washed, obtaining a map, dealing with taxi drivers and street touts, and knowing whether and how much to tip". ....It kind of brings it all back to me how wearying this sort of thing can become. What he doesn't mention at this spot is the 8 hrs of travel in a bouncing jeep over hot dusty roads, the countless hours spent on hard bench seats on buses...breathing in the cigarette smoke of other passengers...etc etc.
The tale is something of a pilgrimage for Bernstein....a "coming of age" for him (at 50) in retracing (more or less) the route of a famous Buddhist priest around the years 630-645AD who travelled to India to seek true knowledge about Buddhism and to study the original holy documents. This priest, Hsuan Tsang, was really quite a guy. Apparently both a formidable scholar and with the incredible toughness to undertake this journey. If my memory serves me correctly his fame and influence reached Japan because I remember seeing in one of the famous Japanese temples at Nara (the Great Buddha) that the lotus petals around the base of the great Buddha are engraved in a style (which I was informed) could be traced back to India and there was some mention of Hsuan Tsang's pilgrimage.
Bernstein's book is a clever mixture of personal travel anecdotes:....."I sat next to a former soldier of the Soviet army who wore his medal-emblazoned army jacket. He was large, had skin like a raw beet, thinning grey hair, and plastic glasses held together with scotch tape, and he smelled powerfully of garlic. He smiled at me, shook my hand, and showed me a Russian magazine he was reading."....... and personal reminisces about his Jewishness, his (late-in-life) desire to make himself a full man in terms of the Talmud by having a wife and children and his reactions to people, food and places along the way. He's combined this with some reflections about Buddhist philosophy and the truths which the monk presumably was seeking. As he indicates, he had a hard time reconciling the self-annihilating arguments and claims like "suchness does not become, nor does it cease becoming" with his own experience of the much more pragmatic Jewish laws inherited via his father. ...."The irreverent thought has occurred to me that much of Buddhist philosophy consists of slippery word-play which enables the philosopher to have things any which way". I'm inclined to agree with Bernstein on this. In fact it's relatively easy to come up with slippery word plays like: "From the void is the action and the action of the void is inaction." And it seems a bit like superstring quantum theory where you can pretty much prove anything ..but which really proves nothing.
In respect of his travel writings, Bernstein demonstrates his professional skills as a journalist and book critic for the NYTimes...he is captivating and entertaining and his notebook was obviously filled with descriptive notes taken along the way. (After all he was intending all along to write a book about this jaunt...the book was not an afterthought). I had some trouble pinning down the exact time of his travels but, from a few facts in the book, plus the publishing date, one can assume that the travel was undertaken around 1999. I wonder, as China has increasingly modernised and the Uigurs have become more restive, how things have changed in the last 20 or so years. Maybe the trains are now better.
Whilst we are mentioning trains....which seem to generally be hot and uncomfortable for Bernstein....and the buses which always seemed crowded, hot and uncomfortable......one should spare a thought for the monk who seemed to be doing a fair bit of this journey, either on foot or on horseback. And, where the monk took 17 years, Bernstein seemed to have fitted it into about 12 weeks..to enable him to get back to his job at the NY Times. Also, he only approximates the monk's actual travels and, in this respect, I felt just a little cheated. I guess, in some cases....such as Afghanistan....it was going to be very difficult or impossible to retrace the monk's steps.....but the monk himself did not seem to let difficulties stop him. So although we are treated to details of a thousand grotty wayside hotels and untold meals of hot-pot ...I never really got a great feeling for what it would have been like for the monk to be travelling into the unknown. (Or was it unknown?......It seems that the monk's fame had preceded him in most places and he seemed to be given a celebrity arrival party in many places and farewelled with armed escorts and elephants along the way. Though, equally, there was lots of hardship. And I guess, it's never going to be easy crossing a mountain pass at 25,000 feet...with or without elephants.)
Clearly, Hsuan Tsang did not have a wife and kids waiting for him at home...so he was able to take the odd couple of years off in Srinigar, Kashmir to learn Sanskrit and Sanskrit grammar and the rules of Buddhist logic....before proceeding on his way.
Overall, I found the book vaguely dissatisfying; it is neither just a travelogue, nor is it a confessional "coming of age" or epiphany; nor is it a straight history of Hsuan Tsang's travels; nor is it a philosophical/religious tract. It has elements of all four woven together. Entertaining? Yes? Did I learn from it? Yes? But, I was left with the odd feeling that here was a professional writer who had taken three months off work to write a book and it all had to fit within the 12 weeks or so....and the tussles over visas were going to be as much a part of the tale as the Monk's desperate walk through the desert without water. (I noticed that Bernstein did not try to emulate the feat). And Bernstein did have the advantage of speaking Chinese; of having Zhongmei (an influential local) with him for the Chinese part of the trip and of having a number of Journalisti/correspondent contacts to draw on from time to time.....Plus he had spent years in the area as a correspondent himself for Time Magazine.
Overall, an interesting read, but slightly dissatisfying. He has, however, cured me of any lingering desire to retrace the route old silk road unless I did it with a well-oiled tour group. I would have appreciated some illustrations of the various places and the book lends itself to a much more pictorial version. I give it four stars. show less

Out of the Blue takes us chapter by chapter through what on September 11, 2001 - from the transformation of Osama bin Laden and the emergence of Al Qaeda to the trainings of the terrorists and finally, to the day we will never forget. A day that some are calling the end of innocence. Intermingled in this "explanation" for what happened and how it all began are the personal biographies of some of the victims. It is not clear how Bernstein chose these Americans to be included in Out of the show more Blue, but the inclusion of their stories illustrates just how unexpected these attacks really were. Normal, everday routines carried out by normal everyday people were shattered in the blink of an eye. Bernstein documents the terrible reality of when the planes hit; the choking smoke, the inferno flames, the lethal leaking fuel, the rescue workers rushing into the buildings while terrified victims either rushed out or jumped to their deaths. The entire New York Times staff is to be applauded for their thoroughness for facts and details that make Out of the Blue more of a matter-of-fact (and less of a sensationalized) account of a mind numbing tragedy. show less