Peter G. Tsouras

I think there’s a general consensus that WWII in Europe was “a near-run thing”; that if the Germans had been a little smarter or luckier or the Allies a little stupider or less lucky, we’d all living in the Thousand Year Reich now. The Pacific war seems to be a different story; the perception is that blindness to their weaknesses and American strengths doomed the Japanese, no matter what they did.


Despite the subtitle (“The Alternative History of How the Japanese Won the Pacific show more War”) this is a collection of essays of various plausible and implausible events that might have made WWII in the Pacific come out differently. Each one is stand alone, without assuming the previous have taken place. The possibilities are:


* The “Go North” faction wins and Japan attacks the Soviet Union in 1941. The critical assumption is that the Sorge spy ring is cracked and Sorge is turned, feeding false information to the Russians. The scenario also requires that Siberian troops get sent west much earlier, thus disappearing in the great encirclements of the summer of 1941 rather than showing up in the nick of time at the gates of Moscow, and the USSR collapses.


* For political reasons the US dusts off War Plan Orange and sends the entire navy west at the start of the war (which begins with the invasion of the Philippines, not Pearl Harbor). The USN learns about the Zero and the Long Lance on the high seas, not at Pearl, and even American production can’t recover and we sue for peace.


* Pearl Harbor is even more disastrous; the carriers are caught, a third wave destroys the shops and fuel tanks, and the Nevada sinks in the channel instead of beaching.


* The Japanese figure out that we have broken their codes after Coral Sea; plus the Yorktown is lost there, leaving us with one fewer carrier and Yamamoto with a revised plan. (What happens at Midway isn’t played out).


* McCluskey turns the wrong way at Midway; all the Japanese carriers survive and all three American carriers are lost. The next targets for the IJN are Oahu, San Diego, and the Panama Canal. (This one ends in a draw - the introduction of the proximity fuse and better organization of American air defenses drive off the Japanese. However, the implications for the war in Europe and North Africa are considerable, as the US abandons the Germany first strategy and leaves the British and Russians to fend for themselves.)


* Invasion of Australia - not very convincing. Even the Japanese couldn’t get victory disease so bad as to commit themselves to that. And it fails.


* The Guadalcanal invasion fails - presumably the US licks its wounds and tries again.


* Invasion of India; the Japanese are driven out eventually but the diversion and exhaustion of Allied strength in a land war in Asia results in a negotiated peace.



* Kurita presses on at Leyte and the American invasion forces are smashed. A negotiated peace leaves the Japanese in control of China.


* Even four atomic bombings don’t convince the Japanese to give up (the Emperor is kidnapped before he can make the surrender recording. The resulting invasion of Kyushu is a bloodbath. (Unlike the rest of the essays, which are straightforward narratives, this is presented as a lecture at the Naval War College in 1946. It doesn’t work very well.)


I don’t know. It’s hard to imagine The Greatest Generation giving up on anything. On the other hand, there’s always a tendency to think that the way things happened is the way they had to happen; the complaint that some of the scenarios presented here are very unlikely stumbles on the fact that many of the things that actually happened were unlikely, too. There’s a lot of effort here in concocting fictional orders of battle and radio messages and etc.; paradoxically, it doesn’t seem as exciting as actual accounts of the real war. I think this one’s worth three stars - pick it up at the library. show less

Peter Tsouras’s second volume in his “Britannia’s Fist” trilogy picks up near where his first one left off. Having entered the war as a result of a naval incident off the coast of Ireland, the British have occupied parts of Maine and upstate New York. Portland lies under siege, and the Royal Navy has broken the blockade of the South, though at considerable cost. Now with new life breathed into the Confederate cause, a French army marches up from Mexico to aid in the recapture of New show more Orleans and Lee outmaneuvers Meade to strike as Washington itself. Yet with the Copperhead rebellion broken in the Midwest, the battle-hardened Union responds to the new threats, aided by a host of new technologies. But will it be enough to save the United States from its host of enemies?

The Civil War is as well-trodden a subject for alternate history as it is for military history. Yet Tsouras’s book stands out for two reasons. The first is his divergence point; his use of the controversy of the Laird Rams as the reason for the war’s expansion, is original and it allows him to portray a more advanced conflict than is justifiably possible in similar novels. The second is his expertise. With a background in military intelligence, Tsouras brings considerable knowledge of martial affairs, which adds to the verisimilitude to his narrative. These two elements often combine to make for dramatic descriptions of battles in places like Kennebunk and Claverack, accounts that are among the high points of this book.

Yet the strengths of Tsouras’s book are counterbalanced by glaring flaws. Often his narrative is interrupted by long descriptions of regimental histories and uniforms that show off Tsouras’s research but do little to advance the story. Some of that effort would have been better spent familiarizing himself with the broader historical background, as his plot exposes some disappointing gaps in his knowledge. His portrayal of Benjamin Disraeli as the Conservative Party leader in 1863 is a particularly large whopper given how he develops his plot (and one that gives added meaning to Angus Hawkins’s choice of [b:The Forgotten Prime Minister|5621730|The Forgotten Prime Minister The 14th Earl of Derby, Volume II Achievement 1851-1869|Angus Hawkins|https://images.gr-assets.com/books/1348190776s/5621730.jpg|5793125] as his title of his biography of the man who was, in fact, the actual leader of the Tories at that time). Errors such as this can temper the enjoyment of the novel and raise doubts about the depth of his research in non-military affairs. Hopefully Tsouras will address these weaknesses while building upon his strengths in the final volume, which holds promise for a dramatic end to his alternate history series. show less

A believer in contingency above all else in history, Tsouras makes a good case for how the British enabling of the Confederate naval war could have become the flash point for the entry of the European powers into the American Civil War. For what is essentially an extended data-dump with a novelistic narrative it's quite readable, with much of the story being told from the perspective of George H. Sharp, who in real life was the senior intelligence officer of the the Army of the Potomac and show more who in this story gets the chance to form a Central Intelligence Bureau.

Anyway, I can easily see Harry Turtledove fans getting a lot of enjoyment out of this work; I certainly did, and I look forward to the follow-on books.

However, Tsouras does himself no favors by adopting a snide tone in his introduction, such as dismissing the "idiocies of Karl Marx and his disciples" or citing the "sublime message of a Galilean rabbi" as one of his examples of contingency in action. Irreligious left-wingers read alternate history novels too after all! If I didn't appreciate Tsouras' previous work I probably would have tossed the book aside right there as simply shaping up to be some sort of annoying polemic. This is not to mention that since Marx and Engels were great commentators on period international affairs they would make useful characters in this series; just saying. show less

The decisions and actions that led to and occurred during one of the most famous battles in American history has garnered attention from historians and armchair generals. Gettysburg: An Alternate History by Peter G. Tsouras changes the movement of troops and the tactics of the commanders to refight one of the most consequential battles in history.

Tsouras goes with three points-of-divergence, with the first being a night attack by Ewell on Cemetery Hill that gets into the rear of the Union show more but is beaten back. The second is Stuart arriving in time for the second day of the battle, which changes the Confederate angle of attack on the right. Yet after brutal fight that includes Dan Sickles foolish decision to advance off the line and almost ruining the Union—again—the day ends with both sides essentially ending at their historic lines. The previous two scenarios allow Tsouras to set up a massive version of Pickett’s Charge that is barely able to break through a stretched thin, battered Union line only to be steamrolled by a Union counterattack ordered by Hancock that shatters the Army of Northern Virginia into fragments that are defeated in detail within the coming weeks. One can credit Tsouras with doing an alternate Gettysburg that goes with an overwhelming Union victory, yet how he gets there and in doing so with historical actors is a bit ham-handed that he tries to hide with mixed results. The level of detail to the battlefield is great, but unless you are an aficionado on the detailed geography of the battlefield you are guessing where the action is taking place if it’s not one of the historical major locations. The fictional footnotes very early give away the end of the battle but are a unique touch to the book.

Gettysburg: An Alternate History is a very good book for those interested in a battle narrative as well as a counterfactual occurrence from the historical outcome. Peter G. Tsouras is noted for his alternate historical writing, and he delivers in this book. show less