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Andrey Platonov (1899–1951)

Author of The Foundation Pit

152+ Works 2,875 Members 51 Reviews 17 Favorited

About the Author

Andrei Platonov was born in Yanskaya, Sloboda, Russia. An engineer and land-reclamation specialist, Platonov was also a writer. He His first poems were published in the 1920s. Stories and folk tales followed. He became a member of the Pereval group of the 1920s and early 1930s. This group of show more writers was influenced by the humanistic, cultivated ideas of the critic Voronsky. After World War II, the more extreme proletarian writers and critics of the time vehemently attacked Platonov for what was considered his ideological mistakes. Platonov was forced to stop publishing. Russians knew only a portion of his real output until the 1960s when he became popular again. During the 1970s, publication of Platonov's writings in the West revealed him to be an important figure in modern Russian prose. His key novels, The Fountain Pit (1975), and Chevengur (1978), explored the bitter ironies of a land of triumphant socialism-a new Utopia-which systematically deforms language. Profoundly pessimistic, the novels reveal a man deeply skeptical of attempts to remold human nature and highly sensitive to the dark underside of Stalin's grandiose economic projects. (Bowker Author Biography) Andrei Platonov was born in Yanskaya, Sloboda, Russia. An engineer and land-reclamation specialist, Platonov was also a writer. He His first poems were published in the 1920s. Stories and folk tales followed. He became a member of the Pereval group of the 1920s and early 1930s. This group of writers was influenced by the humanistic, cultivated ideas of the critic Voronsky. After World War II, the more extreme proletarian writers and critics of the time vehemently attacked Platonov for what was considered his ideological mistakes. Platonov was forced to stop publishing. Russians knew only a portion of his real output until the 1960s when he became popular again. During the 1970s, publication of Platonov's writings in the West revealed him to be an important figure in modern Russian prose. His key novels, The Fountain Pit (1975), and Chevengur (1978), explored the bitter ironies of a land of triumphant socialism-a new Utopia-which systematically deforms language. Profoundly pessimistic, the novels reveal a man deeply skeptical of attempts to remold human nature and highly sensitive to the dark underside of Stalin's grandiose economic projects. (Bowker Author Biography) Alvar Aalto is considered the father of modernism in Scandinavia. He was born in Kuortane, Finland. His reputation as an architect has spread far beyond the bounds of his native country, where he built the major part of his work. He is perhaps Finland's greatest architect and certainly one of the major figures of twentieth-century architecture. As early as 1923, Aalto built in a typical Scandinavian style, relying heavily on native materials-timber in Finland's case-and produced such masterworks as the Library at Viipuri (1927-35), the Paimio Sanitarium, and the Villa Mairea. In 1932 he invented the process for making bent wood furniture. After World War II, his work began to be noticed internationally as he developed his own singular style, and he built some of his finest works-the Finlandia Concert Hall, in Helsinki, and the Baker Dorms at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, his only building in the United States, (1947-49). His style is based on irregular and asymmetric forms with many curved walls and single-pitched roofs and with a highly imaginative use of natural materials. Aalto is also known for the design of several classic styles of chairs, tables, and glassware. (Bowker Author Biography) show less
Image credit: ©The Random House Group

Series

Works by Andrey Platonov

The Foundation Pit (1930) 937 copies, 17 reviews
Chevengur (1929) 405 copies, 4 reviews
Soul: And Other Stories (2008) 365 copies, 5 reviews
Happy Moscow (1991) 170 copies, 3 reviews
Soul (1934) 135 copies, 3 reviews
Happy Moscow (1996) 117 copies, 3 reviews
The Return (1999) 44 copies, 2 reviews
Verhalen (2019) 32 copies
De zee der jeugd (1931) 31 copies, 1 review
De stad Gradov (1969) 29 copies
Fourteen little red huts and other plays (2017) 20 copies, 1 review
Collected works (1978) 17 copies
The portable Platonov (1999) 15 copies
Een meester in wording (1987) 14 copies
3 x Platonov (2011) 9 copies
Dönüş (2009) 9 copies
La zanja (2019) 8 copies, 1 review
Na zare tumannoj yunosti (1990) 6 copies
Dół (2017) 4 copies
Mødre og sønner (1979) 4 copies
Monttu ; Juveniilimeri (1989) 4 copies
Az élet fénye (1978) 4 copies
Izbrannoe (1988) 4 copies
Die Baugrube / Das Juvenilmeer / Dschan (1989) 3 copies, 1 review
Sokrovennyj chelovek (2009) 3 copies
Antiseksus (1986) 3 copies
Le Chemin de l'Ether (1990) 3 copies
The River Potudan 3 copies, 1 review
À l'avance (1931) 3 copies
Povesti i rasskazy (1988) 3 copies
Der makedonische Offizier (2021) 3 copies
Erzählungen. (1999) 2 copies
אנשי שאר רוח (2008) 2 copies
Müllwind (1987) 2 copies
プラトーノフ作品集 (岩波文庫) (1992) — Author — 2 copies
Contes de ma patrie (1945) 2 copies
Sakli Insan (2022) 2 copies
Vzyskanie pogibshikh (2010) 2 copies
Котлован [16+] (2015) 1 copy
Duobė: apysaka (1988) 1 copy
Sochineniia (2004) 1 copy
Шарманка (1975) 1 copy
Tsevengur (1990) 1 copy
Auk : jutustus 1 copy, 1 review
Povratak 1 copy
Von der Feuerstätte bis zum Reaktor — Illustrator — 1 copy
Fro 1 copy
Jáma (2021) 1 copy
Sobranie 1 copy
Potudaň 1 copy
Kotlovan (2019) 1 copy

Associated Works

The Portable Twentieth Century Russian Reader (1985) — Contributor — 433 copies, 2 reviews
Russian Short Stories from Pushkin to Buida (2005) — Contributor — 260 copies, 2 reviews
Russian Magic Tales from Pushkin to Platonov (2012) — Contributor — 199 copies, 2 reviews
Granta 64: Russia the Wild East (1998) — Contributor — 169 copies
Russische Liebesgeschichten (1989) — Author — 6 copies
Der Irrtum. Russische Erzählungen. (1999) — Contributor — 6 copies
Russland (2017) — Contributor — 5 copies
The Eagle — Illustrator — 1 copy, 1 review
世界短編名作選〈ソビエト編〉 (1978年) (1978) — Contributor — 1 copy
篝火創刊号 (2014) — Contributor — 1 copy

Tagged

Common Knowledge

Legal name
Klimentov, Andrei Platonovich
Other names
Платонов, Андрей Платонович
Birthdate
1899-08-28
Date of death
1951-01-05
Gender
male
Education
Voronezh Polytechnic Institute
Occupations
journalist
writer
engineer
Short biography
He was married to Maria Aleksandrova Kashintseva, with one son, Platon, and one daughter, Maria.
Nationality
Russia
Birthplace
Voronezh, Russian Empire
Places of residence
Voronezh, Russia
Moscow, Russia
Place of death
Moscow, Russia, USSR
Burial location
Armenian Cemetery, Moscow, Russia
Map Location
Russia

Members

Reviews

57 reviews
Soul was written by Platonov in Soviet Russia during the thirties, but was only finally published in un-bowdlerised form in 1999. This might be surprising, given its ostensible plot of a young man, an analogue of Stalin, sent from Moscow to spread socialism to the 'nation' he was born in, and his (probable, depending on which of Platonov's endings one accepts) success. But Soul subverts the epic hero narrative so fundamentally that it was impossible for it to be accepted in Soviet Russia.

I show more found reading it a strange experience - most of my understanding of it seems to have popped out fully formed having been fermenting in my subconcious (although no doubt abetted by the helpful introduction) while I followed Chagataev and the Dzhan on their journey back to their 'hell' of a homeland. Platonov's description of the bleak desert through which they travel and the unremitting hardship of their poverty is spare but perfect, but its underlying theme of a search for a place and a people to belong and be useful in is far wider than the Dzhan or Soviet Russia.

If I had known more about the grim subject matter before beginning Soul, I would perhaps have avoided it, which would have been a terrible waste; despite the harshness of the narrative, the novel has a strangely compelling lightness to it. I am only disappointed that the British edition only includes Soul - I will be seeking out the NYRB edition which also includes a number of Platonov's short stories.
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Man, what a discovery! I had never heard of Platonov, but you can safely count him among the greats of Russian literature of the 20th century, along with his patron Vasily Grossman. In the biographical introduction to this collection I read that Andrey Platonov (1899-1951) had a very ambiguous attitude to modernism of which the Soviet regime was a part and expression: he was an enthusiastic supporter of and participant in the Russian Revolution, but had reservations about ruthless violence show more (in the broad sense of the word) with which an attempt was made to create a new world. This is strikingly expressed in the novel Soul, from 1935, which makes up half of this collection. In it Platonov describes how the main character Nazar Chagataev tries to save his people (Platonov himself uses the word nation); it concerns the Dzhan (literally 'soul'/'vital spark'), of which there are only a few dozen left that survive in very miserable conditions in the reed lands of a delta area in the Central Asian region of Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan. Actually, Chagataev is on official mission to win the Dzhan for communism. But he soon realizes how problematic this is: his fellow citizens are barely able to survive in their great misery (they live by eating grass and sleep), on the contrary, they even think that life simply has no meaning for them. This hopelessness makes Chatagataev constantly think about concepts such as happiness, drive for life, despair and longing. Against his better judgement, he tries to take them back to their homeland, a harsh journey of hundreds of kilometers through desert areas. Platonov describes all this in breathtaking, hallucinatory scenes in which the group, actually a collection of sleep walkers, moves back and forth. In between there are regular references to father Stalin, who lovingly cares for his subjects. In hindsight this is of course easy to interpret in a cynical manner, although I suspect that it is an authentic expression of Platonov's own struggle between the utopian character of Soviet ideology, in confrontation with the harsh reality of life. This must not have escaped the attention of the Soviet censor, that deleted entire passages (the full text was not published until 1999), and Platonov fell completely into discredit as a writer at the end of the 1930s.
As a story, 'Soul' is a bit shaky, but it is a strong piece of literature in which the essence of life is questioned. That Platonov was also a gifted short story writer is also evident from 'Return', which wittily depicts the return of a Soviet soldier from the Second World War and the challenge of regaining control of changed life.
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½
As if I needed anything more depressing during such severe days of repetition and bleakness, I settle with Platonov's The Foundation Pit on my lap. While this month brings a lot of rain and dark clouds, I've gotten accustomed to waking up in very early mornings; the pitter-pattering bouncing against the windows, against rows of steel, against hard stone. Today I stared at the ceiling without much rest, with a tired heart, an empty mind, feeling sick, this philosophical fable brushing along show more my skull. The lengths people will go through for the idealistic promise of a better society have always been horrifying. In this dry yet evocative novel, the workers tirelessly dig a foundation for a majestic building. As they dig deeper, it becomes clear this is a grave for their overworked, exploited bodies. The religious allusions referred throughout The Foundation Pit greatly juxtaposes the godless utopia the Soviet Union promotes. The text from time to time is evasive, challenging. But the allegory on the early days of the Soviet Union, the disillusionment under the sickle and hammer symbol comes through; the liquidation of certain classes, Total Collectivization, dekulakilization. Several sacrifices along with the implied suffering/violence of its people for nought reveal the brutality at the expense of the progress never fully actualised.

"If we want to destroy religion and are conscious that this has to be done, since communism and religion are incompatible, then, in place of religion we must give the people not less than religion but more than religion. Many of us think that it is possible to take faith away without giving people anything better. The would of contemporary man is organized in such a way that if faith is removed, it will be completely overturned."
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Kettő darab kisregény.
1.) Munkagödör
Voscsev megbocsáthatatlan munkahelyi baklövést követ el – gondolkodni kezd. Aminek következtében a létező szocializmus fájó szívvel, de kénytelen kivetni magából, Voscsev pedig a pikareszk regények szabványai szerint elindul bele a világba, és el is jut a munkagödörig, amit egy mesébe illő szocialista kollektíva ásott ki magának. Ők aztán be is fogadják maguk közé, úgyhogy innentől kezdve Voscsev két dolgot csinál: show more gödröt ás, illetve a jövőbe tekint. Jó, aztán egy picit kuláktalanít is. (Megj.: érdekes, hogy akik a szebb jövőt építik, gyakran egy jó nagy gödör ásásával kezdik…)
2.) Az ifjúság tengere
Az alapmotívum itt is ugyanaz: van a kollektíva valahol az orosz vidék feneketlen távolságainak egyik végpontján, és van a „messziről érkezett ember”. Utóbbi Vermo mérnök, aki a világvégi hústermelő szovhozban kívánja megváltani a világot, előbbi meg a világvégi hústermelő szovhoz, ami ugye világvégi és megváltatlan. Lesznek ellenfelei és persze szövetségesei, közöttük is a legfontosabb Bosztalojeva, a kommunista élmunkásnők gyöngye, akinek egész alakos posztere bizonnyal ott virít minden szovjet olvasztár öltözőszekrényének ajtaján. Belülről. Munkaruhában. Természetesen. És akkor nekilódulnak felépíteni a jövőt ők is, bolsevik módra. Amiben a legnagyobb akadályt valószínűleg azok jelentik, akik szintén bolsevik módra akarják a jövőt felépíteni, csak sajnos nem egyeztették le a másik féllel, mit is kell érteni „bolsevik” alatt. Ja, meg persze a kulákok. Mert kuláktalanítás az itt is van. (Megj.: ez a szöveg talán kevésbé keserű, mint párdarabja. Bár itt is kellően szarkasztikus a platonovi kritika, de jóval megengedőbbnek tűnik úgy általában a szocialista állam alapeszméjével szemben.)

Nemrégiben olvastam a (talán kamu) Dosztojevszkij-mondást, miszerint „Mindannyian Gogol köpönyegéből bújtunk ki.” Nos, meglehet, de Platonov volt az (szerény véleményem szerint, nyilván), aki, mint Marx Hegelt, a fejéről a talpára állította Gogolt. Ő volt az, aki kiteljesítette annak groteszk vonulatát*, a klasszikus orosz epikus történetmesélés mellett (ami organikusan kapcsolódott a szovjet szocreálhoz – megint csak szerény véleményem szerint, de lehet vitatkozni) létrehozva azt az ívet, ami napjainkban Pelevinbe, Szorokinba vagy épp Akszjonovba (stb.) csatlakozik. Mindezt úgy, hogy meggyőződésem, maga Platonov eredendően egy tőrőlmetszett lírikus, csak épp a szovjet valóság olyan gombócnak bizonyult, amit egyszerűen képtelen volt lenyelni** – ebből a konfliktusból születik a platonovi próza, ami szerkesztésében ugyan eseti szinten zavarosnak és logikátlannak tűnik, de pont ezért képes igazán intenzíven ábrázolni a polgárháború utáni szovjet viszonyokat és a sztálini rendszer kifejlését. Úgy vélem, senki nem képes ilyen finom gúnnyal leképezni a bolsevik „jövőhajszolók” beszéd- és gondolkodásmódját, mint ő, a káoszt, a képlékeny ideák szürreális bakugrásait. Megkapó pontossággal mutat rá itt is a kommunizmus belső programhibáira: az egyén és közösség ambivalens viszonyára, a gondolkodás ártalmas voltára, és arra, hogy a hatalmat megízlelő csőcselék micsoda halálos fegyver mindenféle Nagy Vezérek kezében. Komikus könyv, persze, megannyi beleágyazott abszurd viccel – de az egész mögött ott van a félelem. És a félelmek között a legfélelmetesebb az, hogy Platonov hősei ritkán tépelődnek. Hisznek a jövőben – csillogó szemmel tekintenek a távolba, ahol képzeletükben a határtalan szovjet tudományosság hegymagas kupolái aranylanak. Nincsenek kétségeik. Biztosak benne, hogy jó emberek. Hisz hogy is lehetne rossz ember, aki nem önmaga hasznáért, hanem a jövőért dolgozik? És ezek a jó emberek kuláktalanítanak, feljelentést írnak, kivégzőosztag elé állítanak. Gyilkolnak. Ezek a jó emberek.

* Akad, aki ezt a pálmát talán Bulgakovnak adná. Nehéz ebben a kérdésben igazságot tenni, hisz betiltott íróként az irodalmi iskolákra való hatásuk évtizedes késéssel bontakozhatott csak ki.
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Works
152
Also by
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Members
2,875
Popularity
#8,910
Rating
3.9
Reviews
51
ISBNs
239
Languages
23
Favorited
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