Eugene O'Neill (1888–1953)
Author of Long Day's Journey into Night
About the Author
Eugene O'Neill was born in New York City on October 16, 1888, the son of popular actors James O'Neill and Ellen Quinlan. As a young child, he frequently went on tour with his father and later attended a Catholic boarding school and a private preparatory school. He entered Princeton University but show more stayed for only a year. He took a variety of jobs, including prospecting for gold, shipping out as a merchant sailor, joining his father on the stage, and writing for newspapers. In 1912, he was hospitalized for tuberculosis and emotional exhaustion. While recovering, he read a great deal of dramatic literature and, after his release from the sanitarium, began writing plays. O'Neill got his theatrical start with a group known as the Provincetown Players, a company of actors, writers, and other theatrical newcomers, many of whom went on to achieve commercial and critical success. His first plays were one-act works for this group, works that combined realism with experimental forms. O'Neill's first commercial successes, Beyond the Horizon (1920) and Anna Christie (1921) were traditional realistic plays. Anna Christie is still frequently performed. It is the story of a young woman, Anna, whose hard life has led her to become a prostitute. Anna comes to live with her long-lost father, who is unaware of her past, and she falls in love with a sailor, who is also unaware. When Anna finds the two men fighting over her as though she were property, she is so angry and disgusted that she insists on telling them the truth. The man she loves rejects her at first, but then later returns to marry her. Soon O'Neill began to experiment more, and over the next 12 years used a wide variety of unusual techniques, settings, and dramatic devices. It is no exaggeration to say that, virtually on his own, O'Neill created a tradition of serious American theater. His influence on the playwrights who followed him has been enormous, and much of what is taken today for granted in modern American theater originated with O'Neill. A major legacy has been the nine plays he wrote between 1924 and 1931, tragedies that made heavy use of the new Freudian psychology just coming into fashion. His one comedy, Ah, Wilderness (1933), was the basis for the musical comedy, Oklahoma!, itself a groundbreaking event in American theater. O'Neill later began to write the intense, brooding, and highly autobiographical plays that are now considered to his best work. The Iceman Cometh (1946) is set in a bar in Manhattan's Bowery, or skid-row district. In the course of the play, a group of apparently happy men are forced to recognize the true emptiness of their lives. In A Long Day's Journey into Night (1956), O'Neill examines his own family and their tormented lives, a subject he continues in A Moon for the Misbegotten (1957). O'Neill's work was highly honored. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936 and Pulitzer Prizes for Anna Christie, Beyond the Horizon, Strange Interlude (1928), and A Long Day's Journey Into Night, which also received the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. O'Neill died in Room 401 of the Sheraton Hotel on Bay State Road in Boston, on November 27, 1953, at the age of 65. He was also born in a hotel room in Times Square, NYC. (Bowker Author Biography) show less
Image credit:
Courtesy of the NYPL Digital Gallery
(image use requires permission from the New York Public Library)
Courtesy of the NYPL Digital Gallery
(image use requires permission from the New York Public Library)
Series
Works by Eugene O'Neill
Desire Under the Elms / Strange Interlude / Mourning Becomes Electra (1959) — Author — 1,044 copies, 3 reviews
Four Plays by Eugene O'Neill : Anna Christie / The Hairy Ape / The Emperor Jones / Beyond the Horizon (1998) 245 copies
Eugene O'Neill: Complete Plays Vol. 3 1932-1943 (LOA #42): Complete Plays 1932-1943 (Library of America Eugene O'Neill Edition) (1988) 54 copies, 1 review
Ah, Wilderness! and Two Other Plays: All God's Chillun Got Wings, and Beyond the Horizon. (1964) 29 copies
Ah, Wilderness! / The Hairy Ape / All God's Chillun Got Wings / The Emperor Jones / Desire Under The Elms (1966) 23 copies
The Great God Brown, the Fountain And the Moon of the Caribbees And Other Plays (2005) 20 copies, 1 review
The Emperor Jones with a Study Guide for the Screen Version of the Play (Students' Edition) (Appleton Modern Plays) (1949) 14 copies
The Unfinished Plays: Notes for the Visit of Malatesta, the Last Conquest, Blind Alley Guy (1988) 8 copies
Four Plays: Strange Interlude, Mourning Becomes Electra, A Moon for the Misbegotten, A Touch of the Poet (1978) 7 copies
Anna Christie / Beyond the Horizon / Emperor Jones / The Hairy Ape / Days Without End (2004) 5 copies
Teatro 4 copies
Three American Plays 3 copies
Le opere 3 copies
Estrany interludi / La mort d'un viatjant — Author — 3 copies
Complete Works of Eugene O'Neill vol I}signed by O'Neill Ltd ed 1163/2000 vol I only of a 2 vik set (1924) 3 copies
Plays 3 copies
The Hairy Ape and other plays 3 copies
I tjocka på Atlanten 2 copies
Viaje a la noche y otros ocho dramas 2 copies
Electra e os fantasmas: trilogia 2 copies
Plays 2 copies
Abortion 2 copies
Fast ein Poet, "Trauer muss Elektra tragen" und "Eines langen Tages Reise in die Nacht" (1960) 2 copies
Servitude 2 copies
Seven contemporary plays 2 copies
American Dream 1 copy
Plays of Eugene O'Neill: Anna Christie, Beyond the Horizon, the Emperor Jones, the Hairy Ape, the Great (1954) 1 copy
The Personal Equation 1 copy
Now I Ask You 1 copy
Nueve dramas, tomo II 1 copy
Πόθοι κάτω ἀπ' τίς φτελιές 1 copy
Hostage to the Devil 1 copy
teatro (vol 1,2,3) 1 copy
Eugene O'Neill: The Great God Brown - The Fountain - The Moon of the Caribbes and Other Plays 1 copy
Lost plays of Eugene O'Neill 1 copy
Olje / Ile 1 copy
Electra Enlutada 1 copy
O'Neill drámák 2. 1 copy
De l'Huile, pièce en 1 acte d'O'Neill. (Coll Education et Théâtre), N° 37 ; Théâtre de répertoire 1 copy
5 plays 1 copy
O'Neill drámák 1. 1 copy
Teatr 1 copy
Mansiones más majestuosas 1 copy
The days of Eugene O'Neil 1 copy
Coup de théâtre 1 copy
The calms of Capricorn 1 copy
3 PLAYS OF EUGENE O'NEILL 1 copy
Moon for the Misbegotten / The Iceman Cometh / A Touch of the Poet / Long Day's Journey Into Night (1973) 1 copy
Fermenti 1 copy
Plays 1 copy
Nueve dramas; Vol. I 1 copy
Fog 1 copy
Collected Plays 1 copy
Complete Works Vol. 2 1 copy
Amerikanisches Theater 1 copy
TRAANIA 1 copy
VAARAVYÖHYKKEESSÄ 1 copy
Homecoming 1 copy
Opere 1 copy
Il castoro 1 copy
Teatro escogido. Tomo I 1 copy
Teatro Volume primo 1 copy
Più grandi dimore 1 copy
Quatro peças 1 copy
Négy dráma 1 copy
Experimental O'Neill: The Hairy Ape, The Emperor Jones, and The S.S. Glencairn One-Act Plays (2016) 1 copy
Måne for de mislykkede 1 copy
Pod karribbským měsícem 1 copy
Kariibide kuu : [näidendid] 1 copy
عشر مسرحيات مفقودة 1 copy
Associated Works
This is My Best: American Greatest Living Authors Present and Give Their Reasons Why (1942) — Contributor — 214 copies
Drama in the modern world: plays and essays (1964) — Contributor, some editions — 82 copies, 1 review
The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Concise Edition (2003) — Contributor — 73 copies, 1 review
Twenty One-Act Plays: An Anthology for Amateur Performing Groups (1978) — Contributor — 41 copies, 1 review
25 best plays of the Modern American Theatre : Early Series : 1916-1929 (1949) — Contributor — 32 copies
Macbeth [by] William Shakespeare. The Emperor Jones [by] Eugene O'Neill (Noble's comparative classics) (1965) — Contributor — 13 copies
Oogst Der Tijden. keur uit de werken van schrijvers en dichters aller volken en eeuwen (1940) — Contributor — 12 copies
Pulitzer Prize Winning Works Collection: One of Ours, His Family, Miss Lulu Bett, Cornhuskers, Anna Christie, Alice Adams, and More! (11 Works) (2013) 4 copies
The American Spectator : A Literary Newspaper, Vol. 1 No. 1 (November, 1932) — Editor — 3 copies
50 Best Plays of the American Theatre, Volume 1 — Contributor — 2 copies
The American Spectator : A Literary Newspaper, Vol. 1 No. 6 — Editor — 1 copy
The American Spectator : A Literary Newspaper, Vol. 1 No. 5 — Editor — 1 copy
The American Spectator : A Literary Newspaper, Vol. 1 No. 4 — Editor — 1 copy
The Ethnic Image in Modern American Literature, 1900-1950, Volumes 1-2 (1984) — Contributor — 1 copy
The American Spectator : A Literary Newspaper, Vol. 1 No. 3 — Editor — 1 copy
The American Spectator : A Literary Newspaper, Vol. 1 No. 7 — Editor — 1 copy
Tagged
Common Knowledge
- Canonical name
- O'Neill, Eugene
- Legal name
- O'Neill, Eugene Gladstone
- Birthdate
- 1888-10-16
- Date of death
- 1953-11-27
- Gender
- male
- Education
- St. Aloysius Academy for Boys
Princeton University
Harvard University - Occupations
- playwright
poet
reporter
actor
assistant stage manager
prospector (show all 9)
sailor
secretary
editor - Organizations
- National Institute of Arts and Letters
The Lambs
Dramatists Guild
Authors League of America
Provincetown Players (co-manager)
New London Telegraph (reporter) (show all 8)
Marine Transport Workers Union of the Industrial Workers of the World
American Spectator (associate editor and contributor) - Awards and honors
- Nobel Prize (Literature ∙ 1936)
American Academy of Arts and Letters (1923)
American Philosophical Society (1935)
American Theater Hall of Fame (1972)
Gold Medal, National Institute of Arts and Letters (1923)
Pulitzer Prize (1920, 1922, 1928, 1957) (show all 14)
Tony Award (1957)
Irish Academy of Letters (1932)
National Historic Landmark (Monte Cristo Cottage)(1971)
Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site (Tao House)(1976)
Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York (1959)
Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, Waterford, Connecticut (1964)
Litt.D., Yale University (1923)
United States Postal Service stamp (1967) - Relationships
- O'Neill, Eugene, Jr. (son)
O'Neill, Shane (son)
Boulton, Agnes (wife)
Bryant, Louise (girlfriend)
Baker, George Pierce (teacher)
Strindberg, August (friend) (show all 8)
Reed, John (friend)
Chaplin, Geraldine (grand daughter) - Cause of death
- cerebellar cortical atrophy, a rare form of brain deterioration
- Nationality
- USA
- Birthplace
- New York, New York, USA
- Places of residence
- Monte Cristo Cottage, New London, Connecticut, USA
Château du Plessis, St. Antoine-du-Rocher, Indre-et-Loire, France
Casa Genotta, Sea Island, Georgia, USA
Tao House, Danville, California, USA - Place of death
- Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Burial location
- Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Associated Place (for map)
- USA
Members
Reviews
I don't know how else to describe this play other than "heart-breakingly beautiful". I absolutely love it. What a fabulous insight into raw human emotion. The tragedy is that the love between Josie and Tyrone isn't unrequited at all--it's very real, and very deep; it's impossible to say who needs eachother more. Yet despite the strength of the the emotion between them, regret, shame, and pride keep them apart. For just one night they let their follies fall away, but each has a conflicting show more view on what it means to show their love to each other. This play reminds me very much of Gone with the Wind-- the complexity of the characters and their relations, the pride that keeps them from letting each other in. The challenge of this play's character development would be a gift to any actor. As a counselor and an actress, this is one of my favorite pieces of American writing. show less
I really like the structure of this play - how the story unfolds in the tiniest bits and pieces, edging along so that you never quite know what's entirely going on until the end of the play. Mary's addiction was heartbreaking, as were her confessions about what she felt drove her to them, and each of the other character's stories really broke my heart. It felt like they all hated the decisions they had made in the past, but couldn't repent them or change their direction - Tyrone would always show more be a tightwad, James wouldn't change his self-destructive nature, Edmund couldn't do anything for himself and didn't even try to. show less
Eugene O'Neill: Complete Plays Vol. 3 1932-1943 (LOA #42): Complete Plays 1932-1943 (Library of America Eugene O'Neill Edition) by Eugene O'Neill
O'Neill's brilliance and his place as America's foremost playwright locks into place, if it hadn't already, with this third volume of plays from the last decade of his writing life. Three of the plays presented here (The Iceman Cometh, Long Day's Journey Into Night, and A Moon for the Misbegotten) are utter masterpieces, works of art so powerful that they rank among the great accomplishments in English letters. Two other plays (Ah, Wilderness! and A Touch of the Poet) are great plays. A show more third (More Stately Mansions) is the one great failure of O'Neill's career, I believe, an endless epic back-and-forth set of soulful arguments that could have been (and sometimes was) better played in an infinitely shorter play. But it's my belief that no American playwright has ever come within miles of capturing O'Neill's ability to see the pain at the heart of human beings and to encapsulate so perfectly the pity which the lost heart yearns for and requires. show less
This sad saga chronicles a group of drunks who meet up at a local saloon. They are full of big dreams for the future, but anyone who knows them knows that they are all talk and no action. Each man has glossed over the story of his life in his own mind, leaving out the bad bits and chalk any failures up to someone else’s fault or a tragedy that befell him.
The patrons look up to a salesman named Hickman ("Hickey") who stops in when he can. During the first half of the play everyone gathers show more at the saloon for a birthday party and just waits for Hickey to arrive. When he finally gets there something is different about him and immediately everyone is concerned. He has lost his happy-go-lucky attitude. Hickey forces each of the individuals to reevaluate their lives and ask themselves whether they are truly trying to improve it.
The owner of the saloon, Harry Hope, watches the drama unfolds in his establishment. He is concerned by the direction in which Hickey’s “ideas” are steering everyone. In this world people embrace only the possibility of a better life, they never intend to take the steps that would actually lead to one, but it's that hope that keeps them going.
It’s hard to explain why this was such a powerful story to me. I think part of it is the context in which it was written. It was published in 1940, and written during the Great Depression, a time of disillusionment in America. It captures that feeling of hopelessness in such a palpable way. I could see each of the characters thinking about their “one day” plans and truly believing that those dreams were attainable.
BOTTOM LINE: This play paints a beautiful picture of the crumbling American dream. It asks the question, do people really want to reach their goals or is the fact that they have those dreams enough for them? There’s something to be said for having a distant hope, especially for those living such desperate lives. show less
The patrons look up to a salesman named Hickman ("Hickey") who stops in when he can. During the first half of the play everyone gathers show more at the saloon for a birthday party and just waits for Hickey to arrive. When he finally gets there something is different about him and immediately everyone is concerned. He has lost his happy-go-lucky attitude. Hickey forces each of the individuals to reevaluate their lives and ask themselves whether they are truly trying to improve it.
The owner of the saloon, Harry Hope, watches the drama unfolds in his establishment. He is concerned by the direction in which Hickey’s “ideas” are steering everyone. In this world people embrace only the possibility of a better life, they never intend to take the steps that would actually lead to one, but it's that hope that keeps them going.
It’s hard to explain why this was such a powerful story to me. I think part of it is the context in which it was written. It was published in 1940, and written during the Great Depression, a time of disillusionment in America. It captures that feeling of hopelessness in such a palpable way. I could see each of the characters thinking about their “one day” plans and truly believing that those dreams were attainable.
BOTTOM LINE: This play paints a beautiful picture of the crumbling American dream. It asks the question, do people really want to reach their goals or is the fact that they have those dreams enough for them? There’s something to be said for having a distant hope, especially for those living such desperate lives. show less
Lists
My Play Collection (17)
1950s (1)
bound (1)
Awards
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Statistics
- Works
- 283
- Also by
- 62
- Members
- 13,250
- Popularity
- #1,763
- Rating
- 3.8
- Reviews
- 133
- ISBNs
- 464
- Languages
- 16
- Favorited
- 27




































