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Eugene O'Neill (1888–1953)

Author of Long Day's Journey into Night

283+ Works 13,250 Members 133 Reviews 27 Favorited

About the Author

Eugene O'Neill was born in New York City on October 16, 1888, the son of popular actors James O'Neill and Ellen Quinlan. As a young child, he frequently went on tour with his father and later attended a Catholic boarding school and a private preparatory school. He entered Princeton University but show more stayed for only a year. He took a variety of jobs, including prospecting for gold, shipping out as a merchant sailor, joining his father on the stage, and writing for newspapers. In 1912, he was hospitalized for tuberculosis and emotional exhaustion. While recovering, he read a great deal of dramatic literature and, after his release from the sanitarium, began writing plays. O'Neill got his theatrical start with a group known as the Provincetown Players, a company of actors, writers, and other theatrical newcomers, many of whom went on to achieve commercial and critical success. His first plays were one-act works for this group, works that combined realism with experimental forms. O'Neill's first commercial successes, Beyond the Horizon (1920) and Anna Christie (1921) were traditional realistic plays. Anna Christie is still frequently performed. It is the story of a young woman, Anna, whose hard life has led her to become a prostitute. Anna comes to live with her long-lost father, who is unaware of her past, and she falls in love with a sailor, who is also unaware. When Anna finds the two men fighting over her as though she were property, she is so angry and disgusted that she insists on telling them the truth. The man she loves rejects her at first, but then later returns to marry her. Soon O'Neill began to experiment more, and over the next 12 years used a wide variety of unusual techniques, settings, and dramatic devices. It is no exaggeration to say that, virtually on his own, O'Neill created a tradition of serious American theater. His influence on the playwrights who followed him has been enormous, and much of what is taken today for granted in modern American theater originated with O'Neill. A major legacy has been the nine plays he wrote between 1924 and 1931, tragedies that made heavy use of the new Freudian psychology just coming into fashion. His one comedy, Ah, Wilderness (1933), was the basis for the musical comedy, Oklahoma!, itself a groundbreaking event in American theater. O'Neill later began to write the intense, brooding, and highly autobiographical plays that are now considered to his best work. The Iceman Cometh (1946) is set in a bar in Manhattan's Bowery, or skid-row district. In the course of the play, a group of apparently happy men are forced to recognize the true emptiness of their lives. In A Long Day's Journey into Night (1956), O'Neill examines his own family and their tormented lives, a subject he continues in A Moon for the Misbegotten (1957). O'Neill's work was highly honored. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936 and Pulitzer Prizes for Anna Christie, Beyond the Horizon, Strange Interlude (1928), and A Long Day's Journey Into Night, which also received the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. O'Neill died in Room 401 of the Sheraton Hotel on Bay State Road in Boston, on November 27, 1953, at the age of 65. He was also born in a hotel room in Times Square, NYC. (Bowker Author Biography) show less
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Series

Works by Eugene O'Neill

Long Day's Journey into Night (1956) 3,901 copies, 43 reviews
The Iceman Cometh (1946) 1,557 copies, 13 reviews
Desire Under the Elms / Strange Interlude / Mourning Becomes Electra (1959) — Author — 1,044 copies, 3 reviews
Anna Christie / The Emperor Jones / The Hairy Ape (1922) — Author — 586 copies, 2 reviews
Nine Plays (1932) — Author — 514 copies, 1 review
A Moon for the Misbegotten (1943) — Author — 443 copies, 4 reviews
Mourning Becomes Electra (1931) 393 copies, 2 reviews
Complete Plays 1932-1943 (1988) 329 copies, 4 reviews
Complete Plays 1913-1920 (1988) 324 copies, 4 reviews
Complete Plays 1920-1931 (1988) 297 copies, 2 reviews
The Emperor Jones (1921) 219 copies, 2 reviews
Strange Interlude (1928) 189 copies, 7 reviews
A Touch of the Poet (1957) 188 copies, 2 reviews
Desire Under the Elms (1984) 169 copies, 7 reviews
The Long Voyage Home: Seven Plays of the Sea (1972) — Author — 167 copies, 1 review
Anna Christie (1921) 162 copies, 5 reviews
The Hairy Ape (1922) 134 copies, 6 reviews
Beyond the Horizon (1920) 123 copies, 2 reviews
Six Short Plays (1965) 73 copies, 1 review
More Stately Mansions (1964) 67 copies
The Long Voyage Home and Other Plays (Dover Thrift Editions) (2016) — Author — 58 copies, 2 reviews
Hughie (1959) 50 copies, 1 review
Lazarus Laughed (2011) 44 copies
Ten "Lost" Plays (1964) 42 copies, 1 review
Marco Millions (1927) 36 copies
Dynamo (1929) 30 copies, 1 review
Long Day's Journey Into Night [1962 film] (1962) — Screenwriter — 30 copies, 1 review
Exorcism: A Play in One Act (2012) 28 copies, 3 reviews
Days Without End (1934) 25 copies
The Straw (1921) 17 copies, 1 review
Poems, 1912-1944 (1980) 16 copies
Penguin Plays (1960) 14 copies
The First Man (1922) 14 copies
The Moon of the Caribbees (1919) 13 copies, 1 review
The Great God Brown (1926) 12 copies
All God's Chillun Got Wings (1924) 11 copies
In the Zone (2014) 11 copies
Meisterdramen (1960) 10 copies
Diff'rent (1921) 10 copies
Drammi marini (1990) 10 copies
Welded (1924) 10 copies
Collected Shorter Plays (2007) 9 copies
Plays (2017) 8 copies
Before breakfast (1916) 8 copies, 1 review
Ile (2014) 8 copies
Where the Cross Is Made (2014) 7 copies
Chris Christophersen (1982) 7 copies
Teatro escogido (1989) 7 copies
Deseo bajo los olmos Días sin fin (1986) — Author — 7 copies
Bound East for Cardiff (2005) 7 copies
Gold (1920) 6 copies
The Rope (2014) 6 copies
The Hairy Ape & All God's Chillun Got Wings (1994) — Author — 5 copies
The Fountain (2005) 5 copies
Teatro 4 copies
Le opere 3 copies
Plays 3 copies
The American spectator year book (1934) — Editor — 3 copies
The Man and His Plays (1947) 3 copies
Drámák (1974) 2 copies
The Dreamy Kid (2014) 2 copies
Plays 2 copies
Théâtre choisi (1963) 2 copies
Tomorrow (2008) 2 copies
3 PLAYS OF EUGENE O'NEILL (1959) 2 copies
Théâtre complet 1 (1963) 2 copies
Abortion 2 copies
Servitude 2 copies
Bread and Butter (2014) 1 copy
Early plays (2001) 1 copy
Meisterdramen II (1963) 1 copy
Olje / Ile 1 copy
5 plays 1 copy
The Straw (2013) 1 copy
Three Plays (1949) 1 copy
Teatr 1 copy
The First Man (2007) 1 copy
In The Zone; Ile (2005) 1 copy
Fermenti 1 copy
Plays 1 copy
Rijkemanshuis (1994) 1 copy
Fog 1 copy
A Wife For A Life (2014) 1 copy
TRAANIA 1 copy
The Sniper (2014) 1 copy
Homecoming 1 copy
Opere 1 copy
The Movie Man (2014) 1 copy
Il castoro 1 copy
سبع مسرحيات 1 copy, 1 review
Négy dráma 1 copy
Drámák (1974) 1 copy

Associated Works

The Portable Harlem Renaissance Reader (1994) — Contributor — 468 copies, 2 reviews
24 Favorite One Act Plays (1958) — Contributor — 320 copies, 1 review
Six Modern American Plays (1951) — Contributor — 307 copies, 1 review
Stages of Drama: Classical to Contemporary Theater (1999) — Contributor, some editions — 238 copies
Nobel Prize Library: Faulkner, O'Neill, Steinbeck (1971) — Author; Contributor — 228 copies
Sixteen Famous American Plays (1942) — Playwright — 205 copies, 2 reviews
Masterpieces of the Drama (1974) — Contributor — 199 copies, 2 reviews
Famous American Plays of the 1920s (1959) — Contributor — 157 copies, 1 review
Thirty Famous One Act Plays (1943) — Contributor — 125 copies, 2 reviews
Playwrights on Playwriting: From Ibsen to Ionesco (1960) — Contributor — 125 copies, 2 reviews
Four Modern Plays (First Series) (1963) — Contributor — 98 copies
The American Mercury Reader (1979) — Contributor — 85 copies, 1 review
Best American Plays : Third Series : 1945-1951 (1987) — Contributor — 83 copies
Drama in the modern world: plays and essays (1964) — Contributor, some editions — 82 copies, 1 review
The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Concise Edition (2003) — Contributor — 73 copies, 1 review
Contemporary Drama: 15 Plays (1959) — Contributor — 71 copies, 1 review
The Theatre Guild Anthology (1936) — Contributor — 69 copies
Modern English Readings (1942) — Contributor — 60 copies
Best American Plays : Fifth Series : 1958-1963 (1983) — Contributor — 49 copies, 1 review
Best American Plays : Fourth Series : 1951-1957 (1958) — Contributor — 47 copies
Modern and Contemporary Drama (1958) — Contributor — 44 copies, 1 review
A Quarto of Modern Literature (1935) — Contributor — 43 copies
Twenty One-Act Plays: An Anthology for Amateur Performing Groups (1978) — Contributor — 41 copies, 1 review
50 Best Plays of the American Theatre [4-volume set] (1969) — Contributor — 39 copies
Ten Great One Act Plays (1968) — Contributor — 39 copies
14 great plays (1977) — Contributor — 36 copies, 1 review
Anna Christie [1930 film] (1930) — Original play — 34 copies, 1 review
Best American Plays : Sixth Series : 1963-1967 (1971) — Contributor — 30 copies
World's Great Plays (1944) — Contributor — 21 copies, 1 review
New Girl in Town (1958) — Original play Anna Christie — 20 copies
Twelve Classic One-Act Plays (2010) — Contributor — 20 copies
The Long Voyage Home [1940 film] (1940) — Original play — 19 copies, 1 review
Anathema!: Litanies of Negation (2013) — Introduction, some editions — 19 copies
The Iceman Cometh [1973 film] (1973) — Original play — 15 copies
Five Modern Plays (1980) — Author — 9 copies
Contemporary Drama American Plays II (1938) — Contributor — 5 copies
Mourning Becomes Electra [1947 film] (1947) — Original play — 4 copies
American Plays (1935) — Contributor — 3 copies, 1 review
The Iceman Cometh [1960 film] (1960) — Original play — 2 copies
Ah, Wilderness! [1976 TV episode] (2001) — Original play — 2 copies
American Short Stories, Volume 2: The 20th Century (1958) — Contributor — 1 copy
Five Modern Plays (1950) — Author — 1 copy

Tagged

20th century (243) American (227) American drama (81) American literature (367) anthology (56) classic (77) classics (95) collection (42) drama (1,489) Eugene O'Neill (109) family (47) fiction (470) hardcover (39) Library of America (139) literature (238) LOA (58) Modern Library (58) Nobel (38) Nobel Prize (98) O'Neill (70) own (36) play (492) plays (911) read (97) script (87) theatre (595) to-read (399) tragedy (60) unread (61) USA (46)

Common Knowledge

Canonical name
O'Neill, Eugene
Legal name
O'Neill, Eugene Gladstone
Birthdate
1888-10-16
Date of death
1953-11-27
Gender
male
Education
St. Aloysius Academy for Boys
Princeton University
Harvard University
Occupations
playwright
poet
reporter
actor
assistant stage manager
prospector (show all 9)
sailor
secretary
editor
Organizations
National Institute of Arts and Letters
The Lambs
Dramatists Guild
Authors League of America
Provincetown Players (co-manager)
New London Telegraph (reporter) (show all 8)
Marine Transport Workers Union of the Industrial Workers of the World
American Spectator (associate editor and contributor)
Awards and honors
Nobel Prize (Literature ∙ 1936)
American Academy of Arts and Letters (1923)
American Philosophical Society (1935)
American Theater Hall of Fame (1972)
Gold Medal, National Institute of Arts and Letters (1923)
Pulitzer Prize (1920, 1922, 1928, 1957) (show all 14)
Tony Award (1957)
Irish Academy of Letters (1932)
National Historic Landmark (Monte Cristo Cottage)(1971)
Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site (Tao House)(1976)
Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York (1959)
Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, Waterford, Connecticut (1964)
Litt.D., Yale University (1923)
United States Postal Service stamp (1967)
Relationships
O'Neill, Eugene, Jr. (son)
O'Neill, Shane (son)
Boulton, Agnes (wife)
Bryant, Louise (girlfriend)
Baker, George Pierce (teacher)
Strindberg, August (friend) (show all 8)
Reed, John (friend)
Chaplin, Geraldine (grand daughter)
Cause of death
cerebellar cortical atrophy, a rare form of brain deterioration
Nationality
USA
Birthplace
New York, New York, USA
Places of residence
Monte Cristo Cottage, New London, Connecticut, USA
Château du Plessis, St. Antoine-du-Rocher, Indre-et-Loire, France
Casa Genotta, Sea Island, Georgia, USA
Tao House, Danville, California, USA
Place of death
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Burial location
Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Associated Place (for map)
USA

Members

Reviews

147 reviews
I don't know how else to describe this play other than "heart-breakingly beautiful". I absolutely love it. What a fabulous insight into raw human emotion. The tragedy is that the love between Josie and Tyrone isn't unrequited at all--it's very real, and very deep; it's impossible to say who needs eachother more. Yet despite the strength of the the emotion between them, regret, shame, and pride keep them apart. For just one night they let their follies fall away, but each has a conflicting show more view on what it means to show their love to each other. This play reminds me very much of Gone with the Wind-- the complexity of the characters and their relations, the pride that keeps them from letting each other in. The challenge of this play's character development would be a gift to any actor. As a counselor and an actress, this is one of my favorite pieces of American writing. show less
I really like the structure of this play - how the story unfolds in the tiniest bits and pieces, edging along so that you never quite know what's entirely going on until the end of the play. Mary's addiction was heartbreaking, as were her confessions about what she felt drove her to them, and each of the other character's stories really broke my heart. It felt like they all hated the decisions they had made in the past, but couldn't repent them or change their direction - Tyrone would always show more be a tightwad, James wouldn't change his self-destructive nature, Edmund couldn't do anything for himself and didn't even try to. show less
O'Neill's brilliance and his place as America's foremost playwright locks into place, if it hadn't already, with this third volume of plays from the last decade of his writing life. Three of the plays presented here (The Iceman Cometh, Long Day's Journey Into Night, and A Moon for the Misbegotten) are utter masterpieces, works of art so powerful that they rank among the great accomplishments in English letters. Two other plays (Ah, Wilderness! and A Touch of the Poet) are great plays. A show more third (More Stately Mansions) is the one great failure of O'Neill's career, I believe, an endless epic back-and-forth set of soulful arguments that could have been (and sometimes was) better played in an infinitely shorter play. But it's my belief that no American playwright has ever come within miles of capturing O'Neill's ability to see the pain at the heart of human beings and to encapsulate so perfectly the pity which the lost heart yearns for and requires. show less
This sad saga chronicles a group of drunks who meet up at a local saloon. They are full of big dreams for the future, but anyone who knows them knows that they are all talk and no action. Each man has glossed over the story of his life in his own mind, leaving out the bad bits and chalk any failures up to someone else’s fault or a tragedy that befell him.

The patrons look up to a salesman named Hickman ("Hickey") who stops in when he can. During the first half of the play everyone gathers show more at the saloon for a birthday party and just waits for Hickey to arrive. When he finally gets there something is different about him and immediately everyone is concerned. He has lost his happy-go-lucky attitude. Hickey forces each of the individuals to reevaluate their lives and ask themselves whether they are truly trying to improve it.

The owner of the saloon, Harry Hope, watches the drama unfolds in his establishment. He is concerned by the direction in which Hickey’s “ideas” are steering everyone. In this world people embrace only the possibility of a better life, they never intend to take the steps that would actually lead to one, but it's that hope that keeps them going.

It’s hard to explain why this was such a powerful story to me. I think part of it is the context in which it was written. It was published in 1940, and written during the Great Depression, a time of disillusionment in America. It captures that feeling of hopelessness in such a palpable way. I could see each of the characters thinking about their “one day” plans and truly believing that those dreams were attainable.

BOTTOM LINE: This play paints a beautiful picture of the crumbling American dream. It asks the question, do people really want to reach their goals or is the fact that they have those dreams enough for them? There’s something to be said for having a distant hope, especially for those living such desperate lives.
show less
½

Lists

1950s (1)
bound (1)

Awards

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Associated Authors

Statistics

Works
283
Also by
62
Members
13,250
Popularity
#1,763
Rating
3.8
Reviews
133
ISBNs
464
Languages
16
Favorited
27

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