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Felisberto Hernández (1902–1964)

Author of Piano Stories

66+ Works 646 Members 23 Reviews 4 Favorited

About the Author

Series

Works by Felisberto Hernández

Piano Stories (1993) 164 copies, 8 reviews
Lands of Memory (1942) 139 copies, 2 reviews
Narraciones incompletas (1990) 22 copies, 1 review
Cuentos reunidos (2009) 20 copies
Por los tiempos de Clemente Colling (2008) 13 copies, 1 review
El caballo perdido (1943) 12 copies, 1 review
Narrativa reunida (2019) 11 copies
Narrativa Completa (2015) 11 copies
Relatos para piano (2017) 9 copies
Nessuno accendeva le lampade (2012) 8 copies, 1 review
La casa inundada (2012) 8 copies, 1 review
Oeuvres complètes (1997) 7 copies
Libros sin tapas, Los (1925) 7 copies
El cocodrilo y otros cuentos 5 copies, 1 review
Seis relatos magistrales (1999) 5 copies
Novelas y cuentos (1985) 5 copies
Obras completas (2002) 4 copies
Le ortensie (2014) 3 copies
Terre della memoria (2015) 3 copies, 1 review
The Daisy Dolls 2 copies, 2 reviews
ORTANCALAR 1 copy
El cocodrilo 1 copy
Mosaicos 1 copy
Krokodil 1 copy
Tierras de la memoria (2021) 1 copy
Hortenzije (2008) 1 copy
Cuentos 1 copy

Associated Works

The Oxford Book of Latin American Short Stories (1997) — Contributor — 121 copies
The Uncanny Reader: Stories from the Shadows (2015) — Contributor — 81 copies, 1 review
Masterworks of Latin American Short Fiction: Eight Novellas (1996) — Contributor — 57 copies, 1 review
Two Crocodiles (1865) — Author, some editions — 28 copies, 2 reviews

Tagged

Common Knowledge

Canonical name
Hernández, Felisberto
Legal name
Hernández Silva, Feliciano Felisberto
Birthdate
1902-10-20
Date of death
1964-01-13
Gender
male
Education
Escuela Artigas de Montevideo
Occupations
pianist
author
Nationality
Uruguay (birth)
Birthplace
Montevideo, Uruguay
Places of residence
Montevideo, Uruguay
Burial location
Cementerio del Norte de Montevideo, Uruguay
Associated Place (for map)
Montevideo, Uruguay

Members

Reviews

23 reviews
Look, Felisberto, I'm not gonna lie. You're no good at this short story thing. You might as well give it up now. Your 'stories' are like the slow kid in the back of the room who stares out of the window at the ballfield and gets hit by spitballs when the teacher's not looking. All the other stories are gung-ho, raising their hands, answering questions with purpose, drive. But your story is still lost in thought, he's barely aware that he's in class.
And the rails would spend all their time
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waiting, with their backs to the sun, for the monstrous egotists in the train--always riding along thinking about the direction they were heading in--to go over them. Then the rails would bask once more in the admiration of all the grasses that dwelled so peaceably around them. p132
Fortunately, everyone has their perfect match in this world. Even the homely girl gets a date to the prom. And for your non-stories, I am that fool. The fact is, I don't often like stories. They are too single-minded in their trajectory. But your stories lie on the outer perimeter of what a short story is or should be. Your stories take on the appearance of a story while inwardly they are anything but!

When I talk with short story writers--I knew quite a few back in the day--they would always critique each other's work by saying how "there's a story here", or "there's no story here" as if excavating bones from an archeological site. But if a story has no story in it, what's left? I often find myself loving just this unnameable thing that's left, which you have written many. I like them because there is none of that anxiety that comes with the form. One of my favorite filmmakers, Abbas Kiarostami, once said that he disliked most contemporary movies because they "take the viewer hostage". They don't allow any room for daydreaming, reflection, even deep sleep. I feel that you and Kiarostami would agree on many things.
"Furthermore, I will ask you to interrupt your reading of this book as many times as possible," a character of his writes, in a story titled "Gangster Philosophy," "and perhaps--almost certainly--what you think during those intervals will be the best part of the book" (from the Foreword)
Reading your stories is like admiring the shadows of tree branches on the ground as a storm brews, the light and shade moving in the mind of the story beating out a singular path from image to image. The sentences each crystal clear, but without any higher understanding or purpose. Despite this lack, perhaps because of it, there is a higher enjoyment. Not only are your stories unsolveable, there is nothing there to solve, so one must take them as they are.

The nonstory of yours that I loved the most from this book was 'Mistaken Hands'. In it, you talk about the unknown. But that's exactly what this story is to me, a complete unknown. I have no idea why I am so attracted to it, but I feel I can return to it again and again. It is like a pebble that I've mistaken for hard candy, and I have it in my mouth right now, and it will never dissolve.
While we were speaking, there was something that had nothing to do with words; the words served to attract us to each other's silence. p.102
PS - I hope you will forgive me for addressing you so directly, and rousing you from your peaceful state. But your stories, in their immense privacy, seem to call for such direct addresses. In the foreword that Esther Allen has written, there is an excerpt by Cortazar where he has also written to you directly. I think it's a testament to the extreme intimacy you're able to form with the reader...
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Felisberto Hernández - "My stories have no logical structures. Even the consciousness undeviatingly watching over them is unknown to me. At any given moment I think a plant is about to be born in some corner of me. Aware of something strange going on, I begin to watch for it, sensing that it may have artistic promise. All I have is the feeling or hope that it will grow leaves of poetry or of something that could become poetry when seen by certain eyes."

“If I hadn’t read the stories of show more Felisberto Hernández in 1950, I wouldn’t be thee writer I am today.” Such a telling quote from Gabriel Garcia Marquez highlights the extraordinariness of this little known author from Uruguay. Also included with the collection's fifteen stories is a preface by Francine Prose and Introduction by Italo Calvino, both illuminating, and Calvino concludes his essay with, “Felisberto Hernández is a writer like no other; like no European, nor any Latin American. He is an “irregular” who eludes all classification and labeling, yet is unmistakable on any page to which one might randomly open one of his books.” As a way of sharing how irregular, I will focus on one of my favorites from the collection. Here goes:

THE BALCONY
Piano Man: On his piano concert tour, the first-person narrator visits a town, virtually deserted since the population has migrated to a nearby resort. “The theater where I was giving my concerts was also half empty and invaded by silence: I could see it growing on the black top of the piano. The silence liked to listen to the music; slowly taking it in and thinking it over before venturing an opinion.” This passage is vintage Felisberto Hernández: objects, space and even silence possess hidden vitality and aliveness, oblique personalities with an uncanny ability, for those attuned to their subtle vibrations, to slide sideways into human awareness.

The Meeting: One evening, after his concert, a timid old man comes up to him to shake his hand, an old man who has sore, swollen bags under his eyes and “had a huge lower lip that bulged out like the rim of a theater box.” Likening the old man’s bottom lip to the rim of a theater box serves as a premonition for an object granted a major role in the story: his daughter’s balcony. Such poetic, clear, visual images function for the author very much like a brass section sounding a few minor cords picked up by the entire orchestra later in a symphony – again, vintage Felisberto Hernández.

Living on the Balcony: The old man apologizes for his daughter not being able to hear his music. The narrator (in the spirit of the author’s poetic prose and picking up on the first two syllables of Felisberto, let’s call him Felix) muses on the possible reason why this is the case: Is she blind? Is she deaf, or, perhaps out of town? The old man senses Felix’s groping for the cause and explains how his daughter simply cannot go outside, but since everyone needs entertainment, he bought a big old house with a balcony overlooking a garden and fountain, a balcony where she spends nearly all of her waking hours. A few more words are exchanged and the old man invites Felix to come have dinner whenever he would like. Sidebar: Nowadays we refer to his daughter’s condition as agoraphobia. And with this narrative turn, we have yet again another major Felisberto Hernández theme: a writer or musician invited to the mansion of a wealthy eccentric.

The Mansion: Upon entering through a large gate on one side opening onto a garden with a fountain and a number of statuettes hidden in the weeds, Felix walks up a flight of steps leading into the house and is surprised to see a large number of open parasols of different colors that look like huge hothouse plants. The old man informs Felix he gave his daughter most of the parasols and she likes to keep them open to see the colors. If this sounds a bit odd there is good reason – it is odd! And such oddities, even, on occasion screwball oddities, add a distinctive charm and memorability to Felisberto’s telling.

The Color Yellow: Felix is lead by the old man to his daughter's room on the second floor where she is standing in the center of the balcony. She comes forward to meet them and Felix observes, “Backed against the darkest wall of the room was a small open piano. Its big yellowing smile looked innocent.” The innocence of the piano echoes his daughter’s innocence; the instrument’s big yellow smile echoes the color of those open parasols. Indeed, through the author’s dreamy surrealism and unique way of infusing object with human emotion, similar to a repeated passage in a piano sonata or the repetition of those soft, floppy clocks in Salvador Dalí’s ‘Persistence of Memory,’ the piano’s yellowing smile echoes off the walls, down the corridors and through the mindstreams of not only characters in the story but readers of the story. Perhaps this is one key reason Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Italo Calvino and Julio Cortázar, among others, cite Felisberto Hernández as such a major influence.

Finale: What I have referenced so far covers only the first five of the story’s thirty pages. Rather than continuing with events as they unfold, I will leave you in the grand old house, overlooking the balcony with a snatch of Felix’s after-dinner reflection: “A while back, when we were in the girl’s bedroom and she had not yet turned on the light – she wanted to enjoy every last bit of the evening glow coming from the balcony – we had spoken about the objects. As the light faded we could feel them nestling in the shadows as if they had feathers and were preparing for sleep. She said they developed souls as they came in touch with people. Some had once been something else and had another soul (the ones with legs had once had branches, the piano key had been tusks). But her balcony had first gained a soul when she started to live in it.”
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Oh, Felisberto, I'm baffled! All this talk of you being a fabulist and a magician and loved by Marquez and Cortazar and Calvino. All these reviews on Goodreads, and all this talk about your "surrealism," and not one word about your greatest, least fabulist story of all... "The Stray Horse". One of the best stories I've ever read by anyone. Yes, there is less of that "fabulist" aesthetic. It's there, but it's so much more quiet and subtle, and the story ambles along without any sort of show more premise. The deliciousness of this story, the meditative tone, and the way you bring the characters and small minor trivial events to bigger-than-life is magical already, and I still can't figure out why your other stories never connected with me in the same way, or why nobody talks about this one. Maybe because this story doesn't involve fantastic imagery... the way I see it, the other stories had fantastic imagery as part of the content of the story, whereas this one showed you the reality of life while letting you peak (almost as if under the skirt of the furniture so to speak) into the abundant imaginary and secret life that flourished beneath it. It's still fabulist but in this way that multiplies through implication.

The story is divided into 2 sections. The first is remembrances. Nothing really happens and nothing unusual happens. But so much clarity and emotion is in each line, you can feel the significance of each nothingness. It's wonderful. And in parts funny too. The second section is a rumination on the multiplicity of the self, the idea of growing up and becoming a different person, and the impossibility of memory. This second part is great but it does get a little repetitive and even over-reaches towards the end, but I can forgive it that, since it is such a masterpiece of a story.

Since it was winter, night came early. But the windows had not seen it come in: they had gone on absently gazing at the clear sky until the last bit of light faded. The night floated up around our legs from under the furniture, where the black souls of the chairs grew and spread. Soon the white slip covers were quietly suspended in the air, like small harmless ghosts. Suddenly Celina would rise, light a small lamp on a coil and attach it to the candleholder on the piano. When my grandmother and I lit up in the light it was like being in a blaze of bright hay.

---

Celina would make me spread my hands on the keys and, with her fingers, she bent mine back, as if she were teaching a spider to move its legs. She was more closely in touch with my hands than I was myself. When she made them crawl like slow crabs over white and black pebbles, suddenly the hands came upon sounds that cast a spell on everything in the circle of lamplight, giving each object a new charm.

---

Meantime I would be watching for signs of affection and hiding in the bushes that I assumed would line the road leading to her. Besides, if she had the feelings I thought she had, she would see into my silence and guess my wish. I couldn't help trying to imagine what such a stern person would be like when she softened and yielded to someone she loved. Perhaps her gnarled hand, the one with the scar on it, would be capable of a gentle caress, in spite of the thick black sleeve stretching down to her wrist. Perhaps the whole scene would take on the beauty and charm of the objects around us when struck by the sounds rising from the piano. Perhaps caressing me she would bend forward, as she did to light the lamp, and meantime the piano, like an old man half asleep, wouldn't mind holding the lamp on its back.

---

Now Celina had torn up all the roads between us, she had torn up secrets before knowing what they contained. Of course, grownups were full of secrets: the words they spoke out loud were always surrounded by others you couldn't hear. Sometimes they pretended to agree on something even though they were saying different things, and it was as surprising as if they thought they were face to face while turning their backs on each other or in the same room while wandering far apart.

---

It was on one of those sad nights, in bed, as my thoughts edged toward sleep, that I began to feel the presences in the house around me, like furniture that kept changing position. From then on I often had that thought at night: they were furniture that could hold still or move, at will. The ones that held still were easy to love because they made no demands on you, while the ones that moved demanded not only love and kisses but harsher things, and were also likely to spring suddenly open and spill out on you. But they did not always surprise you in violent or unpleasant ways: some provided slow, silent surprises, as if they had a bottom drawer that gradually slid open to reveal unfamiliar objects. (Celina kept her drawers locked.) I even knew some persons with closed drawers who were nevertheless so pleasant that if you listened quietly you heard music in them: they were like instruments playing to themselves. Those persons had an aunt who was like a wardrobe in a corner, facing the door: there was nothing she didn't catch in her mirrors and you couldn't even dress without consulting her.

---

The painful and confusing story of my life separates the child I was in the days of Celina from "the man with his tail between his legs."

Some women have seen Celina's child in the man while talking to him. I hadn't known the child was visible in the man until the child himself noticed it and told me he was visible in me, and that the women were seeing him and not me. Moreover, he was the first to attract and seduce them. The man later seduced them by appealing to the child. The man learned deceit from the child--who had much to teach him in that area--and practiced it the way children do. But he did not take into account his remorse or the fact that, although he practiced his deceit only on a few persons, they would multiply in the events and memories that haunted him night and day: which was why, fleeing his remorse, he wanted to be let into the room that had once been his, where the inhabitants of Celina's parlor were now gathered for their ceremony. And the sadness of being rejected and even totally ignored by those inhabitants increased when he remembered some of the persons he had deceived. The man had deceived them with the wiles of the child, but had then, in turn, been seduced by the child he had just used, when he had fallen in love with some of his victims. These were late loves become mythical or perverse with age--and that wasn't the worst of it. Worse still was the fact that the child had been able to attract and seduce the man he later became because his charms were more powerful than those of the man, and because life held more charm for him.
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Felisberto Hernández was an obscure Uruguayan pianist (1902-1964) who earned a meager living playing the piano in cafés and for silent movies. He also was a writer whose three-volume complete works (Obras completas) were published in Mexico posthumously in 1983. Only a small fraction of his short stories are available in English, recently republished as Piano Stories. It has been said that his writing is a precursor of "fabulism," and Italo Calvino and Gabriel Garcia Marquez among others show more have acknowledged his influence.

Most of the fourteen stories in this collection have some connection with a piano or pianist even if only in the background, paralleling the fact of Hernández's life as a provider of mood music, whether in a darkened movie theater or a café. But that is not the point about these stories, really. As Francine Prose explained in her luminous preface, ". . . one always feels that he is writing about a slightly different but parallel universe, in a variant language with its own literature and conventions." And I might add, with its own idiosyncratic characters as well.

One story, "A Stray Horse," is narrated by a ten-year-old boy reminiscing about his first piano lesson:

Entering Celina's house, my eyes were full of the shapes they had gathered in the street. When they were suddenly invaded by the white and black shapes in the room, it seemed the others would fade. But as I sat down to rest — not yet daring to disturb the furniture for fear of the unexpected in a strange house — the shapes of the street lit up in me again, and it was a while before they settled down to sleep.

What never quite went to sleep was the specter of the magnolias. Although I had left behind the trees where they lived, they were with me, hidden in the back of my eyes, and I suddenly felt their presence, light as a breath somehow blown into the air by thought, scattered around the room and blending into the furniture. Which was why, later on — in spite of the miseries I went through in that room — I never stopped seeing the faint glow of magnolias on the furniture and among the white and black shapes.


This is typical of the way Hernández's narrators report on the obscure details of the mind at work — in many cases, a deranged mind.

In "A Woman Who Looked Like Me," a man seems to recall an incident that took place when, he suspected, he had once been a horse.

In "No One Had Lit a Lamp," a writer who reads a story to a small gathering, describes his thoughts as he's reading and then afterwards interacts with some of the people.

"The Daisy Dolls" is about a man who collects life-size female dolls, has them arranged in the evenings as tableaux vivants, and eventually confuses them with the real thing.

In all of the stories, strange though they may be, Hernández seems to be aware of the poetic quality of his writing:

The fact was that my sadness took a poet's pride in itself and in the sense of easy well-being it got from being unloved and misunderstood.

Hernandez expresses ideas in his own kind of prose poetry:

I was the temporary meeting place where my ancestors flowed lazily in my descendants.

* * *
The theater . . . was half empty and invaded by silence: I could see it growing on the big black top of the piano. The silence liked to listen to the music, slowly taking it in and thinking it over before venturing an opinion. But once it felt at home, it took part in the music. Then it was like a cat with a long black tail slipping in between the notes, leaving them full of intentions.

* * *
Now, for a few moments, my imagination has flown out the window like a night bug, drawn to the tasks of summer over distances unknown, even to night and to the deep. . . . Then once more the imagination is an insect flying over forgotten distances to land again on the edge of the present.

* * *
Although I had been stepping slowly, like a sleepwalker, suddenly I tripped over the wisp of an idea and fell into the moment full of events.


Sometimes the poetry is in mere phrases, which help to maintain the dreamlike quality: "On the last night of my theater of memories"; ". . . like bugs drunk on moonlight."

The interiority of these surreal and almost otherworldly stories is compelling. The unusual point of view each narrator adopts actually causes the reader to slow down to be assured nothing is misunderstood, and while not much really happens in these stories, they leave one feeling wistful or haunted or at least amused.
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Statistics

Works
66
Also by
6
Members
646
Popularity
#39,072
Rating
4.1
Reviews
23
ISBNs
67
Languages
7
Favorited
4

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